Earlier quoted context omitted.
It allowed people to use engines with better gas mileage, what is a different thing. Just adding the lead addictive to gasoline reduced your gas mileage. But it made better engines work.
It surely reduced it by a tiny amount compared to just straight octane, but ethanol reduced it by something like 10%. So using TEL instead of ethanol gave you about 10% higher gas mileage.
Leaded gas compared to ethanol mixed gas with equivalent octane numbers should have something around 1% or 2% difference.