Here's a better question: how do people become rich? Being poor is table stakes for being a human animal. The miracle of modern society is that billions of people aren't poor (as high as 90% according to Hans Rosling[1]). How did we make that happen? How do we make it happen for everyone? [1] https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/distribution-of-populatio...
the poverty line is defined generously at ~$2 / day by most oecd countries, but making above the poverty line does not make you not poor.
all of that said, the field of development economics has been very rich in research these days, particular from the likes of duflo and banerjee