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The Math Myth

econlog.econlib.org

181–190 of 328 posts

Re: The Math Myth

#181

Earlier quoted context omitted.

0.999... is equal to 1 only if we assign a particular semantics to the "..." notation. Namely if "..." means "the limit of the decimal number to the left, as the repetitions of the last digit grow ever larger", then 0.999... is an alternative notation for 1 since that limit is 1. The actual number formed by repeating 9's an infinite number of times is not constructable. Whereas 1 is constructable. So they cannot be t…

Cassius Clay differs from Mohamed Ali on the name property therefore they are not identical?

Good grief ...

If we have an entity X and we use the function name(X) to inquire about its name property and obtain "Mohamed Ali". And then if elsewhere we use name(X) and it evaluates to "Cassius Clay", then name() is not a mathematical function.

You have to find a way to reason about an object and its properties so that they are functions. If it can have multiple names, you have to model that appropriately.

Re: The Math Myth

#182
I studied undergrad CS including the required math department classes. Recently for my Android app ( http://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.unwrappedap... ) I wanted to list the most popular wallpapers. I had a problem though - I was continually adding new wallpapers. How do I compare a new wallpaper which a few people took versus a very old wallpaper which hundreds took?

The answer I came up with was N0e^-λt. Exponential decay. Set N0 to 1. I could set t in various ways, I decided to make it days, so today is 0, yesterday 1, the day before yesterday 2 etc. The lambda I tunes, right now it is 0.04 (or -0.04 times t). So the score added for each use decays as it ages, giving new additions a chance at the top.

Worked real well. Straight out of calculus. I never learned exactly what e was until college. Who knows what I would have done if I didn't know what exponential decay, e etc. was. I can't even think of an "eight-grade math" solution of the type this article mentions.

I had to hash a small list of small numbers once when I had the epiphany - Goedel numbering! I Google'd that and saw the solution was unoriginal, but I wouldn't have even saw those pages without knowing what to Google.

I was looking at a large NP hard problem many years ago and thought I could program a solution. After a complexity class later on, I realized the futility of that approach, in a direct manner any how.

I am not sure where the line is between math and CS. Graph theory underlies graphs and trees and the algorithms which run on them. Math functions and theory of computation underlie functions and methods. Statistics and probablity underlie ML. Geometry and matrix math and algebra underlie computer graphics. I don't get people here who say they program without needing post high school math.

Or seeing the garbage code out there maybe I do. Github is beset with people who make basic errors in mutual exclusion, critical section violations, lack of understanding of concurrency etc. I forget and make these mistakes myself sometimes. I hardly think there is a problem in over-education in these things. On the contrary, race conditions are spun out all over the software infrastructure by people writing code who don't have the needed math and CS understanding of what they're doing. Understanding mutual exclusion and critical sections and avoiding critical sections is not something picked up in an hour, a day, or even a week.

Re: The Math Myth

#183

Earlier quoted context omitted.

This is a significant misunderstanding of statistics. Statisticians believe in truth, they just accept that it might not be possible to know it.

I think we have a disagreement about epistemology. I say, you can't believe in truth if you don't believe it is knowable. In any case, statisticians are not interested in learning the truth, either, and the goal of their enterprise is not access to it.

The entire goal of statistics is to build approximations which converge to truth in some manner or another. E.g., a Bayesian posterior ideally converges to a delta measure on truth as N -> infty. A frequentist point estimate converges to truth (with P = 1) as N -> infty.

The entire purpose of statistics is to quantify the difference between our beliefs and actual truth.

Re: The Math Myth

#184

the percent of such individuals holding engineering as opposed to management, financial or other positions, and using more than Excel and eighth grade level mathematics (arithmetic, a little bit of algebra, a little bit of statistics, and a little bit of programming) is less than 25% and possibly less than 10%. I would state this differently. Borrowing from the Pareto principle, one could conjecture that 80% of mathe…

> the OP should conclude that all forms of education should stop after the 8th-grade level for the vast majority of students (and only a minute fraction should need to pursue higher education). That is exactly what the state of education looks like in undeveloped feudal economies

I don't think you have to go back to undeveloped feudal economies. Even a generation ago, the bulk of people in the US effectively did not receive more than an elementary education. Ironically, they were often better prepared than students today to actually enter the workforce after graduating high school, since vocational education was more in vogue, and so they spent more of the four years of their high school education learning practical skills, rather than the vague, college prep holding pattern that is the norm now.

Re: The Math Myth

#185
I'm a software developer trying to grok Machine Learning. I have to understand trig (e.g. tanh and other sigmoid functions), calculus (e.g. derivatives, gradients), linear algebra (e.g. vectors, matrices), probabilities, etc. Maybe it doesn't happen every day, but I need math.

Re: The Math Myth

#186

This largely matches my experience - as a software engineer, I spend probably In a market economy, basically all returns come from marginal gains. The vast majority of your lifetime income will come from a dozen or fewer opportunities that you happen to be in a position to take advantage of, whether it's a new job offer or a high-profile project you volunteer for or a startup that takes off. You will qualify for thos…

There is more to math than just calculations, algebra, geometry, etc. Logic, and reasoning through choices & the effects of those choices are vital math skills as well, and for many people in math, they don't manifest until one takes a few rigorous proof-based classes, where one often sees new approaches to arriving at concepts they know, and how to properly get to a conclusion from a particular point. I wish these s…

Keith Devlin argues that math training helps when programming, in an article (from 2003) in Communications of the ACM called "Why universities require computer science students to take math" (pdf) ftp://ftp.gunadarma.ac.id/.upload/Communication-ACM/September-2003/p36-devlin.pdf

Sample quote: "Once you realize that computing is all about constructing, manipulating, and reasoning about abstractions, it becomes clear that an important prerequisite for writing (good) computer programs is the ability to handle abstractions in a precise manner."

Re: The Math Myth

#187

At my workplace, we have about 60 scientists and engineers. The author's observation is accurate, that most people never use math beyond Excel and 8th grade math. They also never use most of the theory that they learned in their science (including CS) and engineering educations. The typical career arc is to get through college, then sit down at a CAD workstation, or programming terminal, and forget all of your math a…

> most people never use math beyond Excel

This seems like saying "most people never use science beyond English". Excel is a language for expressing numerical calculations, but how complicated or 'advanced' those calculations (or the theory behind them) are is orthogonal to the tool used.

Re: The Math Myth

#188
post #114

I think this essay asks the wrong question, and then reaches doubtful conclusions from it. We should not be asking whether most individuals today use higher-level math in their daily lives, because the answer we get will depend on the degree of math literacy of the people with whom those individuals must interact every day. The level of discourse is often dictated by the 'lowest common denominators' -- that is, the p…

Can't we look at places where that is the case today and see? I always hear about how in places like Russia, every student learns much harder math than here in the US, and they learn it better. But I don't see other countries like Russia producing better engineered products or better science than we do here. Same with China or Japan, or whoever is supposedly the best this year.

> I don't see other countries like Russia producing better engineered products

India graduates good math and CS students from IIT, why is India not an engineering excellence hub?

Because they come to the US. US STEM grad schools are full of students from China and India.

I have interviewed many, many people and am usually quite impressed with the Russians interviewed. They usually do much better than American-born people. Maybe 1 out of 6 non-Russians are decent, the Russian batting average in my experience is 1 out of 2 or even 2 out of 3.

They do make good engineers, the problem for those countries is the good engineers move to the US where they can make money.

Re: The Math Myth

#189

Earlier quoted context omitted.

...so that you understand what it does. Else it will remain magic, and you may entertain other magical thinking as well. Like Astrology or Numerology or even that maybe you could win the lottery. Its important to have a good understanding at a very basic level of what math, statistics and physics are about.

I never said you shouldn't understand what it does. It's just that I think it's useless to drill on arithmetic. I know very well what a computer is doing when I tell it to divide 188416 by 20148. That doesn't mean it's useful for me to be able to mentally do it. Mental arithmetic is incredibly overvalued and useless as a skill, especially since it's largely uncorrelated with actual depth of mathematical understanding…

I believe the OP's exercise was to do the division manually not mentally.

Basic mental arithmetic is probably the most used in day-to-day life. It feels weird having to whip out a calculator/phone every time you need to make a quick estimate.

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