Long term, the only robust way to solve this is going to involve a remote attestation chain i.e. video that's being signed by the web cam as it's produced, and then transformed/recompressed inside e.g. SGX enclaves or an SEV protected virtual machine that's sending an RA to the other side. Although hard to set up (you need a lot of people to cooperate and CPU vendors have to bring these features back to consumer hard…
Then you just point the webcam at a screen or microphone at a speaker? I really don't think moving our trust to unknown, unnamed manufacturers of hardware in far away places is a solution. The solution is not going to be high tech, imho. Just like we have learned a skepticism resulting from Photoshop, we'll learn a skepticism of live video or audio.
I happen to agree with the other voices here saying this is a folly game of cat and mouse, but there are near-time methods of making this harder to fool. And that might be enough for now.