Can anyone succinctly explain the benefits of having a market for private health insurance companies, rather than a single provider of health insurance (government, aka "public option")? Can a capitalist case be made for their existence? Does the lack of a large private insurance market in countries with government-provided health insurance cause lots of inefficiencies and waste?
In theory? As I understand it ... A market allows for innovators to find ways to deliver better service for less money and thus offer a more competitive product and gain market share. This competition forces all players to improve, or be forced from the market. A publicly owned and operated business has no incentive to improve its operational efficiency and little to no incentive to respond to complaints in service.…
In the UK, the NHS has the incentive to improve its operational efficiency that it simply gets told regularly "we're cutting X billions of your budget. Deal".
The NHS is also split up into a range of trusts that have independent management teams. While there's a lot of cooperation and shared resources, this means there is a lot of opportunity to compare cost and outcomes, and so they can't just hide behind "but that's how much it costs", because the government will know it if there are other trusts delivering similar outcomes at a much lower cost.
And they have the incentive to respond to complaints in service that the NHS Trust in questions board of director will find campaign groups talking to MPs and cabinet ministers, tabloids calling them murderers and the like if they don't keep quality under control, and if they don't respond appropriately, the trust will get put under special measures which can include letting another trust take over management.
There are plenty of ways to apply pressure in addition to markets.
But you have some points: You can certainly make things better by e.g. requiring more transparency.