Proven businesses can always borrow at fairly low rates. When capital gets really cheap it starts to incentivize greater amounts of risk taking because investors actually want risk. If you are starting a dry cleaning business, you have a cost of the equipment, rent and other well known factors. Starting a tech company in a new and unproven area has different expenses and a different risk/reward profile. Malinvestment…
Cheap venture capital is uniquely driven by the interest rate more than any other factor. Low interest rates drive money away from safer vehicles towards more risky vehicles because they still offer a return. This is good far people starting companies, but in the long run the decision makers on those investments almost always turn out to have mis-priced the risk factor and end up with negative returns. This then caus…
Meanwhile in China, the approach is fundamentally different. Capital isn't just cheap; it's strategically directed by the state with goals beyond financial return. The aim is "new quality productive forces" -- slow-burn, systemic growth that reinforces social stability and industrial upgrade, not a boom-bust race for unicorns.
The current AI boom is our real-time experiment to see if this is the "better way." The U.S. model, as you note, is driven by massive private investment (over $109B in 2024) and is prone to hype cycles. China's model is state-planned, focusing on the "AI Plus" integration of technology across its industrial base, despite investing less ($9.3B) and facing constraints like advanced semiconductor access.
We're watching two competing logics: one seeking market-defining breakthroughs through volatile, capital-intensive competition, and another pursuing broad-based, stability-oriented technological integration. The results of this test will show which system better transforms capital into lasting, system-wide advantage.