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Is the world really running out of sand?

practical.engineering

161–170 of 218 posts

Re: Is the world really running out of sand?

#161
post #137

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It seems likely to me that both concrete and plastic are used in greater mass and greater volume than wood.

And concrete dates back to (at least) Roman times

Roman concrete was a drop in the water compared to the modern era concrete.

Re: Is the world really running out of sand?

#162

> I tried to track down the original source of this idea ... Beiser cites an article from the UN, which itself cites a 2006 paper about using two types of desert sand from China in concrete. But that paper doesn’t mention the roundness of the particles at all. This seems to be a fairly common pattern where a citable source (Beiser's book and the UN article) makes a mistake, that then propagates everywhere as common k…

The BBC Maths and Statistics programme 'More or Less' has coined a term for statistics like this - 'Zombie Statistics'. An initial, often misquoted fact, which is useful as a soundbite and gets repeated over and over and over again, despite multiple debunkings.

Re: Is the world really running out of sand?

#164

One thing that surprised me when I started running a tugboat business: A country can be both an exporter and importer of sand. Sand of one type goes from the U.S. to The Bahamas to be used in concrete. Sand of another type goes from The Bahamas to the U.S. to be used in aquariums. Specialty sands go to make regulation volleyball courts.

Just marveling as an old school computer programming geek that I happen to be in a forum that also includes someone in the tugboat business.

We have the programmer to woodworker pipeline, programmer to runner pipeline... is there a programmer to tugboat operator pipeline I'm missing out on?

Re: Is the world really running out of sand?

#165

I didn’t exactly understand the take away from this video. In the first test he does, the river sand concrete is three times stronger than the desert sand concrete, but in the second test, the desert sand concrete is 10% stronger than the river sand concrete. What exactly is going on?

It's normalising for different things.

If you normalise for the the same ratio of cement / water / gravel / sand then sharp-sand (crushed rocks) is stronger.

If you normalise for workability (i.e. the concrete flows and can be worked easily) you need to add additional water to sharp-sand, which means that the smooth-sand (e.g. river-rocks) end up stronger.

Re: Is the world really running out of sand?

#166
post #164

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Just marveling as an old school computer programming geek that I happen to be in a forum that also includes someone in the tugboat business.

We have the programmer to woodworker pipeline, programmer to runner pipeline... is there a programmer to tugboat operator pipeline I'm missing out on?

From what I remember from this particular code-base, there are also:

- Programmer to farmer

- Programmer to musician

- Programmer to writer

and of course

- Programmer to landlord.

Re: Is the world really running out of sand?

#167
post #166
post #164

Earlier quoted context omitted.

We have the programmer to woodworker pipeline, programmer to runner pipeline... is there a programmer to tugboat operator pipeline I'm missing out on?

From what I remember from this particular code-base, there are also: - Programmer to farmer - Programmer to musician - Programmer to writer and of course - Programmer to landlord.

Don’t forget programmer to pilot. Every time an aeronautical post appears they come out of the woodwork and chat about equipment.

Re: Is the world really running out of sand?

#168
post #166
post #164

Earlier quoted context omitted.

We have the programmer to woodworker pipeline, programmer to runner pipeline... is there a programmer to tugboat operator pipeline I'm missing out on?

From what I remember from this particular code-base, there are also: - Programmer to farmer - Programmer to musician - Programmer to writer and of course - Programmer to landlord.

There is also literally anything to programmer. I didn’t use to be a programmer, but now I’m a programmer consultant.

Re: Is the world really running out of sand?

#169
post #137

Earlier quoted context omitted.

What about eg air, wood? Used by mass or volume or?

It seems likely to me that both concrete and plastic are used in greater mass and greater volume than wood.

Yes sorry I didn't cite my source - it is per weight: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S13506...

Per tonne, twice as much concrete is used per year than all other building materials (including wood, plastic, metal) combined.

Re: Is the world really running out of sand?

#170
post #57

I noticed that the two bars were breaking differently under the hydraulic press. One was crumbling and the other (manufactured) was exploding . There was no mention of this effect in the video. It couldn't be the due to force because in the 2nd half the manufactured bar broke at a lower force. Could this factor has consequences on how manufactured sand concrete behaves with natural phenomenon (hurricanes, earthquakes…

Putting stress on the concrete requires force, and causes the concrete to deflect. Force over displacement is work, and energy can't be lost to nothingness by just breaking the concrete. Thus, the concrete releases the stored up energy as kinetic energy of its fragments.

Stronger concrete requires more stress to cause it to fail, and as such it takes more force to break it. There is logically more energy because of the higher force, so more energy gets released.

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