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The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

cantorsparadise.com

161–170 of 282 posts

Re: The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

#161
post #13

> von Neumann proposed a description for a computer architecture now known as the von Neumann architecture Well, he actually described an already existing design by Eckert and Mauchly under his name and this paper was illegally disclosed. For the ones interested in this and other fascinating stories about ENIAC, here is a good book: https://www.amazon.com/Eniac-Triumphs-Tragedies-Worlds-Compu... ; worth reading is al…

What a crime that such 22 year old memories are locked away in an amazon comment, to be lost whenever amazon deems it necessary to cull comments older than a certain age.

It appears someone (some machine?) asked the Web Archive to save it before I did.

https://web.archive.org/web/20210407045457/https://www.amazo...

Re: The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

#162

Is it just me or does it seem like there something like there were a lot of celebrity-level STEM heroes to come out of the early 20th century. These folks all seemed to work together closely. Maybe these things take time, but it just doesn't seem like there is anything remotely like this going on today, despite far greater access to education and increases in global population. Is it perhaps that the limelight is les…

Scientists become famous partly due to their accomplishments and partly due to their life story.

Would John Nash be famous if it weren’t for his tragic struggles with mental health? Would I know about Feynman if it weren’t for “Surely You’re Joking Mr. Feynman”, his safecracking, and the topless bars? Would Stephen Hawking be a household name if he weren’t disabled?

WW2 gave a fascinating context to many scientific projects and made lives of these scientists more colorful than they would have been otherwise. Ditto for the Cold War.

It’s up for debate if there’s a slowdown in science nowadays. But it’s certain that lives of those who do science are much more boring to the outsiders. Papers, conferences, labs, petty academic squabbles, fights over funding, perhaps some consulting for the government or the private sector. It’s much harder to create a mythology out of that.

When I think of famous 21st century mathematicians I think of Perelman (a recluse who proved a famous conjecture and refused the Fields Medal) or Zhang (worked as an accountant and at a Subway, then as a lecturer at UNH before making a breakthrough on the twin primes conjecture). Ordinary geniuses who went from top graduate programs to top professorships are comparatively anonymous to the general public.

Re: The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

#163

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Do we actually have no idea what the biological/genetic differences between geniuses and average people are? That's interesting. > I'd like to take the idyllic position of (somewhat irresponsibly) hoping that some level of genius can be fostered and created in anyone from a young age So you believe that genius is environmental and not genetic? Or maybe we are thinking about different definitions of genius.

From a genetic standpoint, all humans are 99.9% identical beasts. There is of course some genetic components in potential abilities. But I strongly believe that most of the differences we are seeing are built on compounded interest of environmental factors, starting from a very young age.

By now we should have some unequivocal evidence to support your conjecture. I think it would be nice if we did but we don't.

Re: The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

#164
post #132

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Or they have realized that immortality is actually a dumb idea. Either you talk about real immortality where you live forever. And forever is a really long time. Or you talk about being able to decide when to die. In which case dying accidentally today becomes much more expensive so you become obsessed about avoiding accidental death today and miss the whole point of living a longer life...

Quoting a character in one of Stanisław Lem's stories, "People do not really want to live forever -- they simply do not want to die." Always struck me as a rather profound take on the whole immortality deal.

Von Neumann definitely didn't want to die. According to Wigner: "When Jancsi realized that he was incurably ill, his logic made him conclude that he would cease to exist, cease to have thoughts. The full content of this was incomprehensible to him and it horrified him. We all know this and try to accept it, but it is always difficult. It was heartbreaking to watch the frustration in his mind when the hope was gone. His fate was unavoidable to him, but it was still unacceptable."

Re: The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

#165
post #3

I often use von Neumann's quote, "Young man, in mathematics you don't understand things. You just get used to them.", to console myself when I have to read a math book multiple times to really understand something. The quote also has truth in it. I had no problem accepting that 0! = 1 only because I learnt that fact early in school. However, I struggled quite a bit to accept that span({}) = {0}, even though it is not…

Yes, those two facts about zero/empty cases (and so many more) are definitely related, and this class of facts is one of my favourites! Usually, if you're dealing with something algebraic in flavour (which is a very vague concept, sorry), there will be a sensible way to define the zero/empty case. This is often a good test of whether you have a uniform concept that works for all n without corner cases. It almost irri…

Define the determinant to live in the ring quotiented by the annihilator of the module. Then the determinant of the 0 by 0 matrix is both 0 and 1.

Re: The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

#166
post #51

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Not really. Check out the proof of Hilbert's Nullstellensatz. He got tons of criticism for proving the existence of a relation without constructing that relation.

But he did construct the proof! (So, the argument can only be about what axioms the proof is based on.)

This is not what constructivity means in mathematics.

Re: The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

#167
post #41
post #28

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> there will be a sensible way to define the zero/empty case. This is often a good test of whether you have a uniform concept that works for all n without corner cases. And so, begun the array indexing war has.

A polynomial always includes a member (monomial) with the power zero. It seems natural, therefore, to index the coefficients correspondingly. In other situations, 1 may be the more natural starting index.

Fourier coefficients need a zeroth element too.

Re: The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

#168

Earlier quoted context omitted.

How come it's known as "von Neumann" architecture?

The name "von Neumann" is rightly applied to this, because von Neumann was the first who has written a complete and consistent description of this architecture, so that anybody could understand it and build computers based on this architecture. The Eckert group had some rather vague ideas about the architecture of their future computer, the successor of ENIAC, and those ideas certainly included some kind of stored pr…

This reminds me of the Newton-Leibniz calculus priority dispute, with Newton not publishing on calculus until after Leibniz had, although with that we now at least have the benefit of contemporary correspondence to refer to.

Re: The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

#169
post #35
post #15

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I heard or read a story from Freeman Dyson about a somewhat legendary conference where von Neumann was to present his version of Hilbert's problems, presumably about the new computing age, I think at the IAS. It was highly anticipated, but Dyson and everybody else present were shocked because von Neumann was in a state of advanced mental decline when he presented it, and people there agreed to pretend it hadn't happe…

This is probably the story in page 220 of [1], beginning at "Von Neumann got into trouble at the end of his life because he was really a frog but everyone expected him to fly like a bird.". [1] http://www.uvm.edu/pdodds/files/papers/others/2009/dyson2009...

So many brilliant ideas in so few pages !

Re: The Unparalleled Genius of John von Neumann (2019)

#170
post #132

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Or they have realized that immortality is actually a dumb idea. Either you talk about real immortality where you live forever. And forever is a really long time. Or you talk about being able to decide when to die. In which case dying accidentally today becomes much more expensive so you become obsessed about avoiding accidental death today and miss the whole point of living a longer life...

Quoting a character in one of Stanisław Lem's stories, "People do not really want to live forever -- they simply do not want to die." Always struck me as a rather profound take on the whole immortality deal.

To add another source, Greg Evan's Permutation City is what drove home for me how profoundly inhuman immortality is.
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