Earlier quoted context omitted.
A lot of Europe tried. It's really hard unless you can control borders. Even if the US locked down for 3 months and got to zero, it could be undone by one group of illegal immigrants crossing the border with COVID. The US and EU were already pretty well infected before they realized what was happening. Only China, S. Korea, and Australia had major outbreaks that were contained, and even those, the outbreaks were fair…
There is some threshold below which contact tracing and isolation work. A few dozen infected people crossing the border could be dealt with. We've not bothered to do much support for isolation, have high case counts and a year of encouraging people to respond poorly to contact tracing, as if consenting to disease control measures is some unforgivable affront to autonomy.
There are something between 50 000 and 100 000 people each year who are caught trying to illegally cross southern US border. The number of people who are not caught is obviously a multiple of that. This probably could be dealt with, if the government was actually trying to do that.