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On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

norvig.com

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Re: On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

#161

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I've always wondered; is there a "last" galaxy in any direction, such that for an observer in that galaxy, no further light or radiation can be detected from that direction? (outside that galaxy) That, must be a terrifying place to live in......

Too late to edit, but I must add that I'm not necessarily asking if there's an "edge" of the Universe.

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Re: On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

#162
post #54

It actually boggles the mind that a 12-pixel image has more combinations than atoms in the universe (!!!).

Well, I think the example with 12-pixel image is a bit misleading, because the picture focuses reader's attention on those 12 pixels, while skipping over the fact that each pixel can have ~17 million colors. More appropriate representation would be a cuboid made of 3x4x24 blocks.

Re: On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

#163
post #155

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You can see back as far as the Big Bang, approximately 14 billion years ago, so all matter in the visible Universe is within 14 billion light years of the Earth. However, the space the Universe occupies is only really finite if it's positively curved. If it's flat or negatively curved, the space it occupies is infinite, and if its density is constant, it must contain an infinite amount of matter even though we only s…

Radius of the visible universe is actually 45.7 billion ly.

Thanks for the correction: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observable_universe

Re: On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

#164
post #130

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I've always wondered; is there a "last" galaxy in any direction, such that for an observer in that galaxy, no further light or radiation can be detected from that direction? (outside that galaxy) That, must be a terrifying place to live in......

I think they would have to be at the edge of their galaxy for this effect to take place ..

What about look up or down? If it's a flatter galaxy like our Milky Way spiral.

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11594728

Re: On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

#165

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The typical way to picture the universe is like the surface of an expanding balloon, a 2-manifold which happens to be embedded in 3-space. If you picture galaxies as spots on the balloon, there's no "last" galaxy, they're all roughly equidistant from their neighbors. Analogously, our Euclidean universe is thought of (in terms of noncompact spatial dimensions) as an expanding 3-manifold. There's no last galaxy there e…

> If you picture galaxies as spots on the balloon, there's no "last" galaxy What about looking "up" and "down?" i.e. into the inside of balloon or away from its surface? I have a hard time wrapping my head around the balloon surface analogy, because galaxies seem to be in all directions of each other..

The surface of the ballon represents a 2d space, where you cannot look "up-down" in the 3rd dimension, just like in our 3d space you cannot look "up-down" in the 4th dimension.

Re: On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

#166
I'd argue the natural scale for thinking about the number of combinations is the log scale - in other words, the entropy. Entropy, like the number of atoms, is an additive property of a system.

From this point of view this article is inappropriately comparing two scales. It's nothing more than saying "e^x >> x for big x".

Re: On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

#167

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The positrons might be hiding in the protons!

Physics is sufficiently weird that I can't tell if this is just spitballing or an actual theory I haven't heard of before. Edit: holy crap, these people think nucleons are made of muons that are made of electrons and positrons: http://wlsprojects.com/structure-inside-proton.html . Solves the matter vs antimatter problem, I guess.

The explanation I gave was the one used by Wheeler in a famous phone call with Feynman.

Re: On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

#168
post #132

Earlier quoted context omitted.

O, I get it. There is a basic contradiction in set theory. Called Russell's paradox, there are two ways around it. First is ignoring it, aka everything builds from it's self nothing can become recursive. Or Zer's something or other that basically removed membership and equality and hides in the corner crying. As such infinity is generally assumed not to exit in R. And causes all this all infinite set's map able to ea…

Where did you get all this idea? You know enough terms, yet somehow you have an incorrect understanding of pretty much everything. If you are interested, please read an actual math textbook. (Yes, they can be a giant time sink, but at least you'll learn the correct meanings of sets and functions.)

I have taken plenty of high level math classes for fun and easy A's, I even had a department head yell at me for not getting a PHD. So, I can speak the lingo.

But, the absurd results are not generalizable outside of their assumptions sorry Axioms. Set theory being one of the most obvious cases.

It's sadly like a religion in many ways, follow enough false statements and you can prove anything. Yet, if you find a contradiction then don't actually accept at least one of your assumptions are false.

Re: On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

#169

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I don't see how our situation is any less terrifying haha

It's certainly less terrifying than having to look at an infinite abyss.

I really enjoy your belief that you're somehow not always looking at an infinite abyss :P

Re: On the (Small) Number of Atoms in the Universe

#170
Reading this made me think how can you know the number of atoms in the universe (observable, smellable, touchable, whatever ). So I go and check on Wikipedia and of course its just a guesstimation based on assumptions and hypothesuses.

This again reminds me how science today is no different than religion. Of course there is nothing wrong with having the number based on assumptions , but take it out of the field of study and suddenly it is a fact :)

Like in this article and the discussion in HN where its just the number and its name, and the fact that this him be is just somebody's wild guess is totally ignored. Same with Jesus , he exists and he loves you and the fact that it was just somebody's idea is totally left out.

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