US specific: * 2014 total US gov't spending: $6.3T (36.4% of GDP) * # of Americans: 314m (2012) * Cost to provide $10,000 per year to everyone: $3.14T * Current US military spending: $0.8T * Current US education spending: $1T * Basic income + education + mil = $4.94T * $4.94T vs $6.3T [1] http://www.usgovernmentspending.com/
Also don't forget that a huge number of the people work for the federal government and the budget you are citing includes their salaries. For a large percentage of the population, your proposal would mean poverty.
Simple math like this does not work on a system as complex as this. While I agree with the premise, your calculation is off.