Earlier quoted context omitted.
Had Archimedes lived to teach the Romans his calculus we might have reached Mars by 500 AD https://youtu.be/h0gPomI3h8o that's not from hesitation. And one can only call the Syracuse invasion an inefficiency in hindsight. The immediate opportunity of a ~million Roman lives compared to other hypothetical opportunities (One might guess that opportunities of the win-win type weren't covered by Munger's model)
It's highly unlikely that the Romans could have had the industrial revolution[0], so I'm doubtful that calculus alone would have gotten them to Mars. [0]: https://acoup.blog/2022/08/26/collections-why-no-roman-indus...
https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-18904-3
(Maybe the Greeks' themselves could have done it, they already had a rudimentary steam engine )