Earlier quoted context omitted.
There is such a system in the long run, it's called the free market. If you can consistently outperform your peers while both parties have complete information, it's a sign of having some advantage. Free markets are never perfect locally, but on a galactic scale they are pretty close, so the superior groups and will dominate.
Actually, free markets are only efficient if p=np. (They are not strong form efficient, that was disproven long ago, and are only weak form efficient if p=np) Unfortunately, this hasn't stopped people from believing in them anyway, because they really really want them to work, and people "feel" like they should
And the worst corner cases of externalities can be mostly offset with proper regulation, even if we struggle to do it.