Earlier quoted context omitted.
Surely they'd just use tools from regular information theory and Bayesian inference? Quantum theory is just one particular application of information theory, where uncertainty is directly controlled by physical processes rather than simply due to imperfect knowledge.
Quantum information comes from Von Neumann entropy, while classical information comes from Shannon entropy. Regardless of where the "source" of information/uncertainty comes from or how "physical" it is, they're related but distinctly different tools which can each be applied to both "physical" or "non-physical" systems at any scale. "Quantum" is turning out to have very little to do with how tiny or physical stuff i…
And Von Neumann entropy is Shannon entropy, as applied to quantum states.