umm. It seems like so many people internationally sympathizes with Jack Ma and Ant, and accuses the Chinese government as oppressing. Lets look at the reality.
Ant has China's most dominate online and mobile payment system, alipay. It has consumer lending products like huabei. Ant ties its payment product with lending product, say if you a colleague student buying a $500 shoes on Taobao, you get to the checkout screen, you are like hey $500 is too much for my monthly budget, can't afford this, Alipay then says oh check this out, through Huabei you can get your shoes now only have to pay back a small portion each months. Ant loan money to consumers, then take a bunch of loans lump them together and divide into securities and sell them to other investors, i.e. classic ABS scheme. Ant even says "since we know the consumer spending and payment habits, we have big data algorithm to calculate the rating of the securities and credit score of the consumer". Consumer credit score is supposed to be a check and balance to prevent lending to high risk individuals, security rating allow investors to be confident about the security they are buying. Now Ant financial is the check and balance to itself in both cases.
Through ABS, Ant externalizes all the risk of lending to outside investors. Financial institutions might include Ant's ABS in other securities. A middle class person might buy retirement investments, which have exposure to Ant's ABS. If you own shares of financial institutions that owns Ant's ABS or securities exposed to Ant's ABS, you are also exposed to Ant's ABS. The exposure is everywhere, can't be isolated. From Ant's perspective, they earn a profit from each dollar they lend, so they got all the positives and none the downsides. This could be a reason why Ant lends to consumer who are much riskier than traditional banks in China lends to, and through my experience, riskier than US credit companies lend to. US credit card companies require a stable job, a home or rent, or a dependent with good credit score. Ant lends to colleague students in China that have non of that. Nor do they check the credit rating of the dependent(parent). If the lending goes bust, for example, triggered by an economic down turn, these ABS will drag down everyone exposed to them. Basically how US financial crisis happened, causing suffering 10s of millions of people. The government's action didn't ban Huabei, and Ant. They are just treating Ant as a financial institution, subjecting it the same rules and standards another financial institution (e.g. a bank). The goal is to reduce financial risks. Why is this a bad thing?
The regulators wanted to use existing financial regulation standards, based on Basel Accords, on Ant. But they were on the fence about it because they didn't want to limit a new form of business emerging, or want to limit what a "private" business want to do. But Jack Ma's statement basically called existing financial regulation, and the Basel Accord itself "stupid, out dated, incompetent". In my opinion, that is unacceptable because while Basel accords has its downsides, it's learnings from many financial disasters that caused suffering to millions of people. Its like airplane safety regulations, are they a hassle? yes. But they are there for a reason. And of course a business person will advocate for reducing the rules that limit their ability to earn money, but reducing the rules will increase the risk the entire society will be harmed, especially the under-privileged. A financial crisis triggered by Ant's reckless lending might leave Jack Ma and Ant's executives slightly less wealth, but they sill got all the other cash in the bank. But for a middle class person, the financial crisis will cost them their jobs, their mortgaged home and their retirement savings. And that middle class person didn't do the things that caused the financial disaster in the first place.
Business people will brand their advocacy as something for good, brand things they are against as something old, outdated, cumbersome, use marketing or media power to sway public opinion. Unless you are well versed in financial theory, how can you tell the truth? Most likely that was the final straw. Regulators finally had to gut to required Ant to be regulated as a financial institution similar to a bank. In my opinion, Ant should be regulated like so from the beginning. They lend money, they issue ABS, of course they are a financial institution, subjected to the same rules, same capital requirements like everyone else. Why should they get preferential treatments, not obey by the same rules. The regulators aren't hard liners, they are too weak. They were probably held back by the public opinion about Chinese government is against private industries, so they are afraid to do things that other might say "limit their freedom, hinder private business development, ccp controls private sector etc", including holding business accountable for legitimate reasons. Now these regulators finally have the gut to do the right thing.