The Folk Economics of Housing

It is just general demand, really. Every step of the way can charge more, as compared to 15 years ago, because people are willing to pay more for their services.

Like the headline suggest, the solution is to increase supply. Except, not of houses, but the inputs that go into houses (materials, labor, etc.). Until supply is met there, the cost to build cannot come down, and until the cost to build can come down used homes cannot come down either. Alternatively, we could stop wanting so many houses, but that is likely less practical.

As mentioned, if you get all the software developers building houses instead the price would drop pretty quickly. But... good luck convincing them to do that. That is what has to be overcome.

Let me put it into simple numbers the detractors can understand:

I build ten homes in a market that needs a hundred. I price them affordably because I’m not an asshole and understand there’s a crisis.

* Statistically speaking, 25% of those homes will be bought by PE or REITs. I cannot deny them the sale because the law says so. Let’s round that up to three homes out of ten. Those homes may be rented out at market rate rent, which is far higher than the mortgage would have been, which doesn’t reduce pricing or improve supply - rent remains high because these groups have data to keep rent that high, and supply remains constrained because a fourth of my inventory just got sold to profiteers instead of people.

* Of the remaining seven homes, all are likely sold to actual people. Due to bidding wars and my obligations to shareholders however, I have to take the highest bids. Because of anti-discrimination laws, I can’t sell to underserved minority groups because that’s considered discrimination. So a plurality of owners will be higher net worth individuals, many of whom likely already own property.

* Because we’re in a housing crisis and everyone wants money for doing nothing, it’s likely that about half of the new homeowners won’t outright sell their existing home, but instead rent it out at or near market rates set by PE/REITs. They want that cash after all, and know there’s a lack of supply. Because their old homes aren’t being added to the market for sale, this doesn’t apply negative pressure on housing prices since a home for rent is not a home for sale

* So now we have just three homebuyers left who bought their only home, aren’t renting it out, didn’t have prior equity, and almost certainly overpaid for what was on offer. This places them in a precarious environment where a job loss could lead to eviction or having to sell the home - but because they’re in the midst of a crisis, they can likely get a quick cash offer from a PE/REIT without actually putting the home on the market, making their problems disappear and putting them back as renters. Maybe one to two homeowners are affected by this.

So out of ten homes built, only three go to people not already on the property ladder in some form, and of which as many as five are likely to end up in the hands of an investor at some point anyway. Ten homes for a net gain of five purchasable properties is not a meaningful increase because the market, government, and tax incentives value less supply and more demand.

Induced demand is only a thing with highways because use of the highways is free; there's no counterveiling cost pressure unless and until traffic jams start forming. By definition induced demand doesn't exist where the market can set prices for using newly created resources.

Closer to your point (if we stretch really hard) would be something like lowering crime. If Seattle successfully lowers crime without, say, increasing taxes, then Seattle becomes a nicer place to live, and people can (and will) move there to enjoy lower crime without having to directly incur the cost of lowering that crime. One of the externalities of that "induced demand" would be an increase in housing prices. So obviously Seattleites who oppose residential development should just promote more crime.

The fundamental issue here is that people don't like being subject to market forces and the insecurity that engenders, particularly when it comes to housing and labor. That's understandable. They do like market forces when they get to enjoy lower prices, though. But the feeling of insecurity is particularly acute when it comes to housing and the issue of new development. That's also understandable, notwithstanding that it's simply irrational and empirically disproven that NIMBYism makes for lower prices than the alternative of allowing market development. You get higher prices with NIMBYism than YIMBYism, period; though there's simply no guaranteeing that absolute prices will come down, especially for a city that permits development where others don't. That's a collective action/free-rider problem, where the positive externalities of good public policies of one community are captured in part by other, cheating groups.