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What has happened down here is the winds have changed

andrewgelman.com

131–140 of 187 posts

Re: What has happened down here is the winds have changed

#131

The phenomenon described here is one of many side effects of what I think is the greatest disturbance in the zeitgeist since at least 9/11: the disintermediation of information itself. We live in an era where authorities of all kinds are under greater scrutiny than ever before, because the Internet's made it so much easier for everyone to learn about and discuss what they're doing. And to believe that we know better…

Very little of the scrutiny is any good at all. It's riddled with mood affiliation and confirmation bias. The incentives simply are not with thoughtful, considered analysis. It's too easy to create moments for people to be swept up in, and to use the tools of persuasion to raise the persuader's stock. Where social media could be an agent for reason, it had not taken that role very much so far. Take the stories around…

I agree. Argue with your peers, not with the internet—but open data your sets after you publish the several studies you get.

Re: What has happened down here is the winds have changed

#132
post #62

> 2011: Daryl Bem publishes his article, “Feeling the future: Experimental evidence for anomalous retroactive influences on cognition and affect,” in a top journal in psychology. Not too many people thought Bem had discovered ESP but there was a general impression that his work was basically solid, and thus this was presented as a concern for pscyhology research. > In retrospect, Bem’s paper had huge, obvious multipl…

I too am coming from psychology looking to make the transition into a career in tech, and would be very interested to hear more about your experience making the transition*. But I would like to offer my experience having just got out of school.

I agree that there is absolutely a need for a transition to more advanced statistical methods in the field. In cognitive psychology at least, you are starting to see growing interest in adopting Bayesian techniques and moving away from null hypothesis significance testing. But unless you come across it on your own, the difference between Bayesian and Frequentist statistics is unlikely to be referenced until the graduate level. I believe Bayesian methods may alleviate some issues. For instance, one of the studies we were starting up towards the end of my time at the lab had an interesting property in that using Bayesian methods the study expected to do what could be thought of as corroborating or supporting the null hypothesis. If Bayesian methods start seeing wider adoption, I have to wonder how careful people will be thinking about their choice of priors, but it's a step in the right direction.

With regards to the statistics that are being taught. Quite a few of the K300 (Statistics for Psychology) courses are now being taught using R, but my own K300 course emphasized learning to do it by hand and didn't allow calculators. An interesting point brought up on a podcast I was listening to [1], was that we still teach statistical methods in the order they were developed/discovered and not the order that makes the most sense. I could see how teaching ANOVA as a special case of linear models might be less hand wavy. Interesting podcast, the professor they're interviewing is advocating a technique called structural equation modeling which I would love to find time to read up on.

However the research the lab I was with does specializes in building mathematical models of category learning, and has a relatively strong quantitative focus, so I can't say how this extends to other subfields or other universities. I no longer have the paper, but I saw a survey of psychology departments awhile ago that I believe found the number of methods courses being required in graduate programs was declining and fewer universities having researchers that specialize specifically in methodology. The paper made an interesting point that when you're specialized in methodology, you may play an important role increasing the quality of everyone else's work. However if your work specifically targets researchers, you're unlikely to see the same kind of funding or high profile journal publications seen by people in more applied areas. We can't all be like Tversky, but hopefully we'll start seeing some of that return now especially after it kind of declined around whenever psychophysics decreased in prominence.

I guess part of where the apprehension of increasing the complexity of statistical methods may be coming from is (1) that people might be worried about decreasing the accessibility of their work or (2) if you don't have a strong understanding of the math, you run the risk of pushing complexity somewhere you aren't as equipped to deal with it. With regards to (1), I know that one of our frequent collaborators had developed a quantum dynamics model of decision making that was showing impressive results characterizing the data, but I do not envy the amount of effort I'm sure he has to put into explaining the math in his papers. (2) might be addressed through more interdisciplinary collaboration, but I think you need both the support for development of methodology and adoption.

If you don't mind me asking, what area were you working in? And how did you go about transitioning to becoming a software engineer? I started out programming doing simulations like Conway's Game of Life and the like in a course that taught programming for cognitive scientists, and along the way kinda fell in love with it. When I decided to do an honors thesis, I got the chance to do way more programming than is expected in an undergraduate psychology degree: Using an OWL ontology in the planning stage to help with the experiment's implementation, debugging the experiment, doing analyses, and writing a visualization program to simplify recovering the orientation of Multidimensional Scaling Solutions. Coming out of my undergraduate, I'm thinking a career writing software either as a developer or engineer looks preferable to going back to school right now, but python junior-dev positions are proving tricky to find in Indy.

[1] http://methodologyforpsychology.org/mfp017-mathematical-psyc...

Re: What has happened down here is the winds have changed

#133
post #128
post #87

Earlier quoted context omitted.

"sunlight all of their data and code in a repository" Good idea where possible, but "all their data" will be problematic in many social science studies, and also in medicine, because of privacy laws.

Keep in mind that data can always be anonymized. So even most medical or social science research data can be put in a repo.

> Keep in mind that data can always be anonymized.

No it can't. Some data can be anonymized, some can't.

Re: What has happened down here is the winds have changed

#134
post #84

Earlier quoted context omitted.

The problem is not one of convenience, the problem is that you are depriving yourself of huge amounts of valuable (closed) data, and this may cause large gaps in what is researchable.

This was the point. You have to pay the price for the principles and hope that the tide turns one day. If you take your suggested easy route then this day may never come.

Are you a researcher and following those principles? Because it is very easy to demand other people pay the price for what you believe are the right principles.

The reality of the way research funding and academia is set up (at least in Europe) is that the price you pay is likely your career. You can go through all the work and effort to follow those principles, and all that will happen is that the politicians will give the research funding and tenure positions to competitors that published more and told more exciting stories.

Academia and research will necessarily reflect the incentives put in place by the people with the money (i.e., politicians). And right now they are giving money for exciting stories and publication counts. That is where the change must start.

Re: What has happened down here is the winds have changed

#135
post #128

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Keep in mind that data can always be anonymized. So even most medical or social science research data can be put in a repo.

> Keep in mind that data can always be anonymized. No it can't. Some data can be anonymized, some can't.

There's always a clever solution to anonymize any data. Post a description of the data and the problems with anonymizing it, and someone out there will always find a clever way to handle it.

You don't have to solve everything yourself. That's the whole point of a peer driven scientific community.

Re: What has happened down here is the winds have changed

#136

Psychology as a science has far fewer reliable results than it claimed it did. It's not that the winds have changed. It's that the field was broken. Realizing this is a good thing. It's going to set back careers and reduce funding, though. Next, economics? "Science is prediction, not explanation." - Fred Hoyle

I can't imagine what sort of revolution would render economics to become capable of reliable prediction.

The only thing that would render economics capable of reliable prediction (beyond the most basic stuff) would be genetic engineering to turn humans into rational actors.

Re: What has happened down here is the winds have changed

#137
post #59

Good scientists should welcome this challenge with open arms, sunlight all of their data and code in a repository, and show how proper statistically rigorous research is conducted. That's an elevator right to the top of the field. If I wrote code that messed up, I'd patch it. If someone else points out a bug? Even better, now I don't have to find it myself. But I would definitely not feel attacked or nor would I blam…

> sunlight all of their data and code This is not always possible. For example, if you are working with proprietary subscription-only datasets where the researcher has no redistribution rights.

It's possible, it's just not legal.

Someone could set up a Wikileaks type site for scientific and medical datasets and then what the law says becomes irrelevant.

Re: What has happened down here is the winds have changed

#138

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Yes, some of the studies haven't been reproducible. I don't have references right now, unfortunately.

Here is one: https://www.psychologicalscience.org/pdf/StrackRRR_manuscrip...

Wow, the plot on the bottom of page 11 really drives home the point.

Re: What has happened down here is the winds have changed

#139
post #108
post #92

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You are falling for a classic argumentative attack. Everyone agrees "abuse" (e.g. beating your wife) is bad, so Fisk just redefines "abuse" to mean "earnest, blunt, non-sugar-coated feedback" but you keep on using the connotations of the real definition.

What about "earnest, blunt, non-sugar-coated feedback" that is useless, uninformed, and counterproductive to researchers? I was under the impression that that was the concern here. Just because someone says something non-sugar-coated doesn't mean it has any truth or value to it. In my experience, a lot of the people who publicly congratulate themselves on never pulling any punches and telling it like it is and keepin…

Just ignore poor or improper feedback. That's pretty much what all other scientists do.

Re: What has happened down here is the winds have changed

#140

> once an article is published in some approved venue, it should be taken as truth And I agree with the author that it shouldn't. A good point is made about the arguments for releasing study findings in blogs, where discussions can be had in comments and perhaps the content of the blog amended as needed. I definitely think that the old way of publishing studies needs to change. They need to allow discussion. Those th…

> For too long we've assumed the bodies of accumulated knowledge in the sciences to be fact without dispute Who is this "we" who has assumed such a thing? Certainly no working scientist I know would agree that a result being published means it is necessarily correct. Nevertheless, some knowledge of the world scientists have accumulated has very strong support, and those who challenge it have invariably turned out to…

The 'we' could be a bunch of people who are no longer even alive. No longer alive in body but alive in spirit through the application of the law. I was listening to a building science podcast the other day.

In it they were talking about how they used to use, and still use, a 100 year old assumption about 'make-up air' in houses which is part of setting up an air conditioning system.

Turns out the original scientific papers were formalized into regulation or ASHRAE standards without double checking whether they were true.

Practically this means every single household in the country has a AC unit which is overpowered by 30% or 50%. For 100 years.

It also meant tens of millions of buildings suffered from dry rot because the systems weren't balanced correctly if I remember right. I'll look it up if anybody's interested.

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