Earlier quoted context omitted.
4. The requirements are often flat out wrong. The Phoenix payroll system comes to mind, the Canadian government tried to shift the blame to IBM, but have their hands tied since IBM delivered exactly what was in the contract. It's just that what the government decided to put in the contract has little to do with how they really do payroll.
Basically the story of most govt IT investments.
My observation of corporate organisations attempting to guide software development is just as bad.
I’m a proponent of doing these things in-house, however that path is far from straightforward and has masses of pitfalls too.