I hear you, this comes up more and more often. I remember reading that Singapore had something like this (for contact tracing, I think), but they'd give you a dedicated device if you didn't have a phone. Ugh.
I like telling companies who want my number: No, my phone is for people I know to call me, not corporations. Other times I tell them that I don't have a phone and ask them if they are refusing me service. Not saying I have a perfect record, sometimes it is convenient to have the mechanic call when the car is done, etc. But the more I see companies who don't need a dossier on me asking for my personal info the harder I want to push back. I seek out and appreciate organizations that don't do this. I joke that I might end up living in a commune one day!
I can see this becoming a bigger problem. I've been following the idea of covid-vaccination-tracking applications, and don't have a good feeling about any of that. I'm expecting that the vaccination campaign will work well enough for that idea to be a moot point, but also expecting that companies and governments will want to do the extra tracking anyways, because their incentives are not aligned with the general population for stuff like this.