Lack of thread safety leads to undefined behavior when you have nontrivial mutations to value types with tearing. That has nothing to do with some abstract notion of thread safety, nor does it have anything to do with Rust. It's a very straightforward consequence of the failure of (for example) things like bounds checking, or interpreting an integer as a pointer.
Record types with fields that don't depend on one another, strings and (fixed-size) arrays only support "uninteresting" mutations that remain valid even in the presence of atomic tearing. They are restricted compared to the general value types that you can have in a language like C++ (for example, sum types, unions, "fat objects" like Go's interfaces, or vectors with dynamic lengths), because for the latter having a write tear can lead to undefined behavior (for instance, overwriting a value vector can lead to the pointed-to vector part temporarily having a different length than the length field would indicate, which can easily lead to a buffer overflow).
The memory safe fragment of D has similar restrictions on its value types to the above. For example, its value arrays must have a size known at compile time.
Of course you can support such features in the unsafe fragment of a language. However, this is a pretty significant deterrent to actually using the feature and idiomatic code will avoid it most of the time.