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Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

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Re: Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

#111

DNA sequencing bugs me quite a bit. On one hand, I would love to learn something new about my body. On the other hand, what if the results tell me that I am predisposed to some horrible untreatable disease? Will I spend the rest of my days observing every little pain or discomfort and thinking "is this IT?"

Knowing something about your prospects doesn't doom you to negative thoughts. In fact, the way the human mind works is often the obverse.

"Inaction breeds doubt and fear. Action breeds confidence and courage. If you want to conquer fear, do not sit home and think about it. Go out and get busy." --Dale Carnegie

"You gain strength, courage and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You are able to say to yourself, 'I have lived through this horror. I can take the next thing that comes along.' You must do the thing you think you cannot do." --Eleanor Roosevelt

"Fear is the path to the Dark Side. Fear leads to anger, anger leads to hate, hate leads to suffering." --Yoda

"The brave man is not he who does not feel afraid, but he who conquers that fear." --Nelson Mandela

"Nothing in life is to be feared. It is only to be understood.' --Marie Curie

"The key to change... is to let go of fear." --Roseanne Cash

"He who is not everyday conquering some fear has not learned the secret of life." --Ralph Waldo Emerson

"We should all start to live before we get too old. Fear is stupid. So are regrets." --Marilyn Monroe

"Fear keeps us focused on the past or worried about the future. If we can acknowledge our fear, we can realize that right now we are okay. Right now, today, we are still alive, and our bodies are working marvelously. Our eyes can still see the beautiful sky. Our ears can still hear the voices of our loved ones." --Thich Nhat Hanh

Re: Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

#112
Alas the information presented is an over simplification of the process.

To actually sequence DNA with this USB thingy you need to prepare a so called sequencing library - and for that you need a fairly well equipped lab - expensive reagents and years of practice and skill ... a mid level biology Ph.D can prepare these ...

in addition the flowcell sold by Oxford Nanopore often malfunctions and the whole run is a bust ... (behaves like this since 2014 ... so no, the technology does not seem to improve a whole lot)

Re: Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

#113

Earlier quoted context omitted.

If you haven't seen Gattaca, you should

There should be a directors cut where the mission fails because of Vincent's hidden heart condition. Gattaca shows eugenics has been so vilified that the audience will root for a character who selfishly commits fraud, risking lives and scientific progress for his own vanity. The really scary fact is that there would be no need for a police state and segregation. The genetically enhanced would just completely dominate…

Gattaca shows a society in which eugenics, in hopes of creating a shortcut for people who have supposedly the better genes, devolved into a society where someone who did not have genetic augmentation could outcompete a whole bunch of genetically augmented people.

In the movie, either the genetic augmentation didn't work (as well) as expected, or their advantage caused the augmented people to become lazy because they got covered in undeserved status no matter how little or much they worked, as everything depended on which genes they have been "bred" for. Then someone with supposedly bad genes could run circles around them just by working hard.

Maybe some mixture, e.g. in order to protect those kids who fail at the task they have been "bred" for from considering themselves failed humans, gattaca's society adopted this model where they shower all kids in status who have the right genes. Maybe it's not the kids who are being protected but the companies selling the augmentations.

Re: Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

#114
post #97

I don't know if this is the exact nanopore USB dongle used in the article, but this one is $1,000 for the base package, first released in 2014 https://store.nanoporetech.com/us/minion.html https://www.extremetech.com/extreme/190409-minion-usb-stick-...

Note that Oxford Nanopore seems to have very much a "sell the ink/razor/etc" business model with their devices: that $1,000 package comes with one flow cell, which is a consumable and costs $900. They're essentially giving the device away for free. On some of their larger devices (eg, the PromethION), they've moved outright to a "we lend you the device for free, you buy the consumables" model.

There is some exciting work around this flow cells to create something more durable. It would be really interesting to be able to buy something like that and use it in schools/personal hacks without worrying about small mistakes in the sample.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanopore#Inorganic https://nanoporetech.com/how-it-works/types-of-nanopores

Re: Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

#115
post #64
post #53

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It's amazing how many problems you avoid by having public health system.

You resolve part of them, but immediately generate others. Hybrid systems are the way to go. In Spain, for example, we have a private system but it is extremely inefficient in some areas (and very good in others). Of course, you can have private insurance, but you still have to pay your social security. Curiously, the only ones who can decide which system they want are the public servants...

It's exactly the same in Portugal.

Re: Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

#116

Earlier quoted context omitted.

At scale?

I'm curious whether a Covid PCR test could be used to sequence your DNA. Is there enough of a specimen in the process.

https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/report-la-sheriff-halting-...

> L.A. County Sheriff Alex Villanueva .. was briefed by the FBI about “the serious risks associated with allowing Fulgent to conduct COVID-19 testing,” ... the FBI advised him that information is likely to be shared with China, and that the FBI told him DNA data obtained is “not guaranteed to be safe and secure from foreign governments.”

Re: Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

#117
post #48
post #18

I'm really curious about what I could learn by getting my DNA sequenced, but I'm worried about my rights to not have it recorded and shared without my consent if I got someone else to do it for me - so any advance toward an affordable home test setup is very welcome.

Note that you are literally shedding identifiable DNA from your body at all times and a truly motivated adversary would have no problem obtaining enough sample material to do high quality sequencing.

I imagine one's DNA can't be too different from the cousin that agrees to share that kind of data?

Re: Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

#118
post #102
post #4

Earlier quoted context omitted.

yes. if you wanted to annotate your genome you could “easily” do it on your brand new macbook (this is ram intensive, you probably need 32G). you’d need a reference genome, like https://www.nist.gov/programs-projects/genome-bottle then you’d need a program like bwa http://bio-bwa.sourceforge.net/ to map your data. then use https://samtools.github.io/bcftools/howtos/variant-calling.h... or something else to produce va…

Could you please explain how this mapping works? Why it needs so much RAM? Is it doing a fuzzy search of sorts for known sequences (genes)? Why can't it do so one by one?

bwa specifically performs a burrows wheeler transform of a 3GB string. other mapping algorithms usually rely on some sort of indexing of the genome. the program then loads this into memory and queries that index for each “read” (a dna fragment from the dna sequencer).

when i worked on https://github.com/iontorrent/tmap we thought it would be a good idea to do something like a “local alignment” (using https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith–Waterman_algorithm) after doing a lookup into a burrows wheeler transform on a substring of the “read.”

Re: Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

#119

A researcher mentions using a compact index based on the Burrows-Wheeler Transform to fit things in less memory compared to using a huge hashtable. I see open-source implementations of BWT-based indexes (FM-Index/FMtree) out there. Out of curiosity, does anyone know of anything using BWTs for compact indexes in more everyday uses (like full-text search), or alternately reasons it doesn't really work outside the genom…

There was some interest in the information retrieval research community 10-15 years ago, but I don't think anyone ever found a good application for it. Some limitations of the BWT always got in the way.

The BWT sees strings as integer sequences. Either "ABC" and "abc" are two unrelated strings, or you normalize before building the index and lose the ability to distinguish between the two.

Search proceeds character-by-character backwards, jumping arbitrarily around the BWT using the same LF-mapping function as when inverting the BWT. You get cache misses for every character.

BWT construction is expensive, because you want a single BWT for the entire string collection. There is a ridiculous number of papers on BWT construction, as well as on updating and merging existing BWTs, but the problem has still not been solved adequately. If your data is measured in gigabytes, you can just pay the price and build the index, but a few terabytes seems to be the practical upper limit for the current approaches.

You can of course partition the data and build multiple indexes, but then you have to search for each pattern in each index. There is no way to partition the data in a way that different indexes would be responsible for different queries.

Re: Sequencing your DNA with a USB dongle and open source code

#120

A researcher mentions using a compact index based on the Burrows-Wheeler Transform to fit things in less memory compared to using a huge hashtable. I see open-source implementations of BWT-based indexes (FM-Index/FMtree) out there. Out of curiosity, does anyone know of anything using BWTs for compact indexes in more everyday uses (like full-text search), or alternately reasons it doesn't really work outside the genom…

There was some interest in the information retrieval research community 10-15 years ago, but I don't think anyone ever found a good application for it. Some limitations of the BWT always got in the way. The BWT sees strings as integer sequences. Either "ABC" and "abc" are two unrelated strings, or you normalize before building the index and lose the ability to distinguish between the two. Search proceeds character-by…

All interesting! Thank you.
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