From what I know there's a fair bit of research linking improved motor skills and social skills with later academic performance. Here are some quotes from a review article[1]:
Research presented in this section indicates that removing play from early childhood classrooms may actually undermine intended achievement-oriented outcomes.
Play enhances attention, memory, self-regulation, and overall academic achievement throughout childhood. In short, physical play is necessary for learning.
Young children’s motor development has been found to be a powerful predictor of cognitive abilities in the elementary years.
A good playground will be exciting and thus promote spontaneous play, a creative process, and it will be challenging which help kids develop their motor skills.
A bad playground will be dull and lack challenges, thus not making kids develop those skills in the same way.
Thus it seems quite likely that the quality of the playgrounds available at their kindergarten, school and local area can have an effect into adulthood.
[1]: https://www.easternct.edu/center-for-early-childhood-educati...
