The hard part becomes getting the other person to slow down and actually explain their basic premise.
People can get defensive no matter how you ask them "What do you mean by X?", and worst of all they sometimes have a fixed route they want to take and are just giving some pretext to justify their actions.
I do my best, but I've never seen any framework that consistently works here (has anyone?), so I honestly think we need to work on this on a socio-cultural level. It might help with couples as well.