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The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

blogs.sciencemag.org

101–110 of 289 posts

Re: The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

#101
post #98

The crux of the vaccine technology: This new vaccine (R21) uses a circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antigen – that’s a highly conserved protein of the parasite, involved in several functions as the parasite makes the move from mosquito to human and into different human tissues such as the salivary glands. This has been a vaccine ingredient before, such as in the RTS,S vaccine (the first one ever licensed), but R21 has a…

> adjuvant > Chilean-soapbark

More on this:

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/10/single-t...

Re: The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

#102
post #99
post #98

The crux of the vaccine technology: This new vaccine (R21) uses a circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antigen – that’s a highly conserved protein of the parasite, involved in several functions as the parasite makes the move from mosquito to human and into different human tissues such as the salivary glands. This has been a vaccine ingredient before, such as in the RTS,S vaccine (the first one ever licensed), but R21 has a…

"Chilean-soapbark"! Happy to see an ingredient such as this. One more reason to conserve biodiversity is for useful ingredients like this one.

I had the same reaction:

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/10/single-t...

Re: The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

#103
post #11

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> Malaria deaths peaked around 930,000 a year in 2004, and is around 600,000 a year now Your link does a good job showing this, but for those who don't click and scroll down it's probably worth mentioning that the vast majority of those deaths are in central Africa. So it's not just a lot of deaths, but it's a really significant portion of the population and, as you said, mostly children.

I grew up in Africa. We weren't as scared of Ebola, as we were, of good old Malaria. It's also the gift that keeps on giving. Once you get it, it does a reunion tour, every now and then, for the rest of your life. At the dinner table, we (expats) used to have a bowl of quinine tablets, set out like a condiment. I really hope this works out, because, thanks to climate change, the lower 48 may get a chance to find some…

I dont know what part of Africa you grew up in, but growing up in Nigeria, no one was scared of Malaria.

It is treated pretty much the same way Americans treat getting the Flu

Re: The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

#104
post #22
post #5

What blows me away is in a study group of 734 infants, which benefited from maternal antibodies against malaria, 717 were infected by malaria in the first year of their life. That's nearly 100%, in the first year since birth. That's devastating. The vaccine is showing 77% efficacy in trials in Burkina Faso. That's an ongoing pandemic that makes covid-19 look like a case of the sniffles. Malaria deaths peaked around 9…

>That's an ongoing pandemic that makes covid-19 look like a case of the sniffles How? There are literally 3 times more deaths in the last year than peak Malaria, and that's only deaths that were actually counted.

That's peak malaria deaths in a single country

Globally, malaria kills 1-3 million people annually despite many people having some natural resistance to it and there being many effective treatments for it and it already having been eradicated in many areas. Covid killed the same amount in a much larger population that had no pre-existing defenses or treatments.

Re: The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

#105

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I grew up in Africa. We weren't as scared of Ebola, as we were, of good old Malaria. It's also the gift that keeps on giving. Once you get it, it does a reunion tour, every now and then, for the rest of your life. At the dinner table, we (expats) used to have a bowl of quinine tablets, set out like a condiment. I really hope this works out, because, thanks to climate change, the lower 48 may get a chance to find some…

I dont know what part of Africa you grew up in, but growing up in Nigeria, no one was scared of Malaria. It is treated pretty much the same way Americans treat getting the Flu

I was born in Nigeria. I barely remember it, but what I can remember, is being constantly told how bad it was. It's entirely possible that my parents had an unreasoning fear of it. When we are kids, they are our source of Truth.

I also remember my sister getting caught in one of those 'squito swarms, near the Delta. That was freaking awful.

Uganda was a bit worse; but we also had other things to be scared of.

I should also mention that Ebola wasn't actually around (that we knew of), when I was a kid, but we hasd some fun diseases. The parasitic ones (like Elephantitis and Belhartzia) were pretty difficult to look at.

Re: The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

#106
post #30
post #5

What blows me away is in a study group of 734 infants, which benefited from maternal antibodies against malaria, 717 were infected by malaria in the first year of their life. That's nearly 100%, in the first year since birth. That's devastating. The vaccine is showing 77% efficacy in trials in Burkina Faso. That's an ongoing pandemic that makes covid-19 look like a case of the sniffles. Malaria deaths peaked around 9…

Except for the age difference of the victims, those numbers actually make covid seem pretty bad. Covid has hardly been around for a year and is killing 7x as many people a year.

Those are the numbers for a single country. Malaria kills 1-3 million people per year globally.

Re: The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

#107
post #82
post #5

What blows me away is in a study group of 734 infants, which benefited from maternal antibodies against malaria, 717 were infected by malaria in the first year of their life. That's nearly 100%, in the first year since birth. That's devastating. The vaccine is showing 77% efficacy in trials in Burkina Faso. That's an ongoing pandemic that makes covid-19 look like a case of the sniffles. Malaria deaths peaked around 9…

Although some posts suggest that the USA may experience malaria at some point in the future because of global warming; in actuality, the USA has already experienced malaria. In 1882, the range of malaria in the USA extended from the Canadian border on the north to southern border with Mexico on the south. The only states of the current 48 contiguous states unaffected were Nevada, Utah, Arizona, Idaho, Main, Vermont,…

I grew up in Alabama, and remember a few times a summer seeing the "mosquito truck" drive by, spraying pesticide as I played in the yard. I guess it works!

Re: The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

#108
This is great news which will save many lives.

We will need to do more though. There are species of Plasmodium which survive on non-human hosts which means the disease will always be waiting - and this vaccination regimen is very demanding, so interruption or underinvestment will make Malaria come back.

IMHO to finish off malaria we'll need some other approaches to complement it, and my suggestion is to get rid of the specific mosquito species that carries the disease. That's what happened in all developed countries long before a vaccine ever existed, and that's a good solution for poor countries (this time, we can use more discriminate methods).

Re: The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

#109
post #93

Earlier quoted context omitted.

There is a key sentence of this article that speaks to this: > This new vaccine (R21) uses a circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antigen – that’s a highly conserved protein of the parasite, involved in several functions as the parasite makes the move from mosquito to human and into different human tissues such as the salivary glands. Circumsporozoite protein is a highly conserved protein meaning that it is a genetic seque…

I see. So the 23% does not suggest that, e.g. there's some minority of parasites that are "immune" already.

Not necessarily - vaccine effectiveness also relies on the person's immune system actually developing the needed antibodies. Some fraction of people simply won't. This is also why vaccine effectiveness goes up with multiple doses - sometimes the first one doesn't take but the second one does.

Re: The most effective malaria vaccine yet discovered

#110
post #108

This is great news which will save many lives. We will need to do more though. There are species of Plasmodium which survive on non-human hosts which means the disease will always be waiting - and this vaccination regimen is very demanding, so interruption or underinvestment will make Malaria come back. IMHO to finish off malaria we'll need some other approaches to complement it, and my suggestion is to get rid of th…

Gene drives might be able to get rid of entire species:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_drive

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