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Gödel's Loophole

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101–110 of 134 posts

Re: Gödel's Loophole

#101
post #86

Earlier quoted context omitted.

If that was how it was meant to be understood, it could have easily been written explicitly by making it a recursive clause. E.g. in the case of my country, article 4 of the constitution says that the first 3 articles cannot be changed; it could have said first 4 articles cannot be changed, thereby making it a legal impasse. More likely, the authors of entrenched clauses understood that, if it came to that, making th…

> If that was how it was meant to be understood, it could have easily been written explicitly by making it a recursive clause. It could. But why explicitly write down things that are obvious anyway? > More likely, the authors of entrenched clauses understood that, if it came to that, making that change illegal wouldn't prevent a slip to dictatorship. That impasse would only hinder the honest actors, if in the future…

> It could. But why explicitly write down things that are obvious anyway?

Maybe it's obvious to you; to me it's obvious the other way. Perhaps, when penning their supposed bulwark against dictatorship, they could afford to spend a few more drops of ink?

If the authors of such entrenched clauses really meant it the way you imply, they are doubly idiots, first for thinking that such legal technicalities would help prevent the slide into dictatorships, and then for failing to even do that and leave a loophole. I don't think they are idiots and they realized such an attempt would be futile and counterproductive. And focused their efforts elsewhere, to build a proper system with checks and balances so power would not be concentrated.

> The idea that the eternity clause was deliberately made toothless in case we actually do want to abolish human rights, democracy and rule of law again is frankly absurd.

No dictator would bother with amending such toothless abstract parts anyway. They would simply claim they are the greatest champion of human rights, and that their abuses are actually not abuses at all. The parts that are worth changing are concrete, technical details; like how are the judges that decide whether those are abuses are appointed. And those parts that the dictator might want to modify, may also legitimately need to be modified in the future, so all constitutions leave the door open to that change, yes.

> That constitutional amendment would simply be unconstitutional and thus invalid. Law is not code. If you violate its intent, you violate it.

Of course the prospective dictator would violate the constitution's intent, that's the point. Newly appointed judges would disagree with you about the amendment's constitutionality, though. As would the populace, who would just see unelected judges violating letter of the law to stop the people's will and protect the status quo.

Law is not code, it's what people in power interpret it to be. If a person or group manages to concentrate the power in practice, no legal technicalities help. I live in a country that recently went through that change; all the human rights, freedom of speech, rule of law clauses are there, all the supposed ostensible checks and balances are there, none of it is of any help. You can think in your head that it's not actually constitutional all you like, it's just that the judges, prosecutors, army, police, the censored media and most of the populace would disagree.

Re: Gödel's Loophole

#102

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I believe the way to think about this is leverage . Courts, media, law enforcement, bureaucracy are all strictly necessary for the shared belief in law to hold, but it's the shared belief that does the lion's share of the work of keeping society coordinated. Taken together, the institutions achieve orders of magnitude greater effect than it would seem from the work they put into it. They do that by creating condition…

> Or, excuse the bad analogy, think of it as shield generators... > It's the field that does the work, the generator only keeps it up. No matter how you continue this parable it will become an arms race, invariably. One very famous such story is the magic oil lamp that kep burning when Massada was under siege. That's as you describe the faith which keeps the flame going. The problem is in my view rather like Jakob th…

> As they say, biology is all about ... I hope you know what I mean, I just forgot what do they say? Gradients, right?

Feedback loops. Everything is about feedback loops.

Re: Gödel's Loophole

#103
post #101

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> If that was how it was meant to be understood, it could have easily been written explicitly by making it a recursive clause. It could. But why explicitly write down things that are obvious anyway? > More likely, the authors of entrenched clauses understood that, if it came to that, making that change illegal wouldn't prevent a slip to dictatorship. That impasse would only hinder the honest actors, if in the future…

> It could. But why explicitly write down things that are obvious anyway? Maybe it's obvious to you; to me it's obvious the other way. Perhaps, when penning their supposed bulwark against dictatorship, they could afford to spend a few more drops of ink? If the authors of such entrenched clauses really meant it the way you imply, they are doubly idiots, first for thinking that such legal technicalities would help prev…

I told you the facts. If you think you know better how my country and its culture work than I do and if you think you know our laws and the history behind them better than German lawyers and historians, I can't help you.

> As would the populace, who would just see unelected judges violating letter of the law to stop the people's will and protect the status quo.

Nope. It would see the most trusted state organ protecting the Basic Law. Which I've capitalized not because I can't spell but because it culturally has a somewhat similar status to the US Constitution in the USA.

Re: Gödel's Loophole

#104

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Wow, you're seriously underestimating this issue. For instance, the German constitution ("Grundgesetz") has an eternity clause in it that makes it unconstitutional to remove the basic principles in Articles 1 and 20. Many other modern constitutions have such clauses.[1] By the way, Article 4, paragraph 4 in the German constitution states: " All Germans shall have the right to resist any person seeking to abolish this…

> For instance, the German constitution ("Grundgesetz") has an eternity clause in it that makes it unconstitutional to remove the basic principles in Articles 1 and 20. It is unconstitutional, by the old constitution standards', but the new regime can just ignore it and call it a day (we're talking about a fascist takeover here). > paragraph 4 in the German constitution states: " All Germans shall have the right to r…

> that's cute, but do you think it would change anything if Myanmar's constitution had included such clause?

Perhaps not, but Myanmar isn't full of Germans.

> Laws, and constitutions, are useful, but in the end: politics is about power, not laws.

The power to make people behave in a certain manner. Laws are quite effective at that.

Re: Gödel's Loophole

#105

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Not on its own, but by the work of very many societal systems, and on balance it is really these systems that are responsible for the societal effects, the laws merely being the guidelines. So banning something by law does have an effect, but in the discussion of the dissolution of law it's clearly the courts, the bureaucracy, and the media that carry all the important functions of defence against subversion.

I believe the way to think about this is leverage . Courts, media, law enforcement, bureaucracy are all strictly necessary for the shared belief in law to hold, but it's the shared belief that does the lion's share of the work of keeping society coordinated. Taken together, the institutions achieve orders of magnitude greater effect than it would seem from the work they put into it. They do that by creating condition…

I guess to some extent it's a matter of taste how you score these things, but I don't see much to gain from a view that holds that belief exist in a real sense without the external actions.

That is to say that our understanding of the rules of the game, our norms, are not created at birth but rather accumulated as we experience the external world. So the acts of the lawyer and the judge matters not just for the parties involved in the case, but also to all that might hear of it. Therefore their impact on the whole of society is not to be measured merely by the number of legal entities they adjudicate between, but rather by the size of the total audience.

Though I will grant that the lion share of the moral choices we make have pretty straightforward answers (should I shove this dude onto the tracks for talking loudly about bitcoins while we wait for the subway? No, I'll just rant on twitter), and our norm setting systems rarely have to get involved for us to make those choices in line with the rest of society.

Re: Gödel's Loophole

#106
post #57

Reading all the comments here, my reaction is 'Whoosh!". Perhaps it is possible to use Cantor diagonalization to demonstrate there are forms of humour that are not accessible to everyone?

I think that the majority of people chuckled and moved on. The people who were, for whatever odd reason, perturbed or galvanized by the amusing little article compose the group that self-selected to comment.

I think this is a peril of reading the comment section before checking out links. If it's not worth talking about, you'll only find unhinged or pedantic conversations about it.

Re: Gödel's Loophole

#107
>"Gödel's Loophole is an "inner contradiction" in the Constitution of the United States which Austrian-German-American logician, mathematician, and analytic philosopher Kurt Gödel claimed to have discovered in 1947."

[...]

>"Since the exact nature of Gödel's Loophole has never been published, what it is, precisely, is not known."

Gödel was a brilliant, brilliant Mathematician.

There is no doubt, no question about that!

In fact, he's one of my personal "Mathematical Heros". In the same league as Ramanujan, Gauss, Euler, Newton, etc.

But, while he was all of this, he was also "rank amateur" in terms of finding contradictions in what is commonly called "The Law" (even though this article might have you believe otherwise).

Wow, he found one contradiction in the Law!

And of course, they don't tell you what it was exactly, leaving you guessing, leaving you wanting to know more -- a common trick used by Hollywood (and book authors) for getting and keeping the audience's attention!

One has only to study the Law, or what is commonly called "The Law" -- for a few years, with the mind of a Logician or Computer Programmer -- to discover many, and I mean, many, contradictions...

Here's a "fun one" to "whet your whistle":

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Protection_Clause

>"The Equal Protection Clause is part of the first section of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. The clause, which took effect in 1868, provides "nor shall any State ... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws". It mandates that individuals in similar situations be treated equally by the law.[1][2][3]

[...]

>"Text

The Equal Protection Clause is located at the end of Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment:

All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.

No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the

equal protection of the laws.

Now, compare this equal protection of the laws, with the extremely unequal way that Covid-19 lockdown laws were implemented, State to State, in the United States:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_lockdowns#United_Stat...

>"Stay-at-home orders in the United States have come from several states and a large number of local jurisdictions, sometimes leading to conflicts between different levels of government and a patchwork of inconsistent dates and rules.[610][611][612]"

Sometimes leading to conflicts, Wikipedia?

?

Try more like ALL OF THE TIME!

That is all of them -- are in conflict, contradiction, with the Equal Protection clause of the Constitution.

You see, for a State's Laws to be valid under the Equal Protection clause of the Constitution, it's an all-or-nothing deal.

That's because all Laws are like half-filled glasses of water; that is, they have a filled part, and they have an unfilled part.

If half of a Law is what protects people, it's like the filled part of the glass of water.

The other half of a Law is what encroaches on other people's freedoms and liberties; it's like the unfilled part of the glass of water.

If the Laws which protect people (and simultaneously encroach on other peoples freedoms and liberties) are not exactly equal, in each and every State, all of the time, then this would not be unlike each State having its own glass of water -- that was filled to a different level -- than each of the other States...

In other words,

no longer are individuals in similar situations -- treated equally by the law.

The Equal Protection Clause of the Constitution -- has been violated -- by these asymmetric, contradictory "Laws".

They are therefore, at least according to the Constitution, at least according to the Equal Protection Clause -- fully and thoroughly Unconstitutional (or contradictory, phrased another way) -- yet that hasn't seemed to have been much of an impediment to the groups and parties that implemented them, nor does it seem to be an aspect of things that was discussed or talked about much in the mass media...

But, long story short -- there are many contradictions in Law -- if one but studies the subject matter with the mind of a Mathematician, Logician, or Computer Programmer...

Re: Gödel's Loophole

#108
post #101

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> It could. But why explicitly write down things that are obvious anyway? Maybe it's obvious to you; to me it's obvious the other way. Perhaps, when penning their supposed bulwark against dictatorship, they could afford to spend a few more drops of ink? If the authors of such entrenched clauses really meant it the way you imply, they are doubly idiots, first for thinking that such legal technicalities would help prev…

I told you the facts. If you think you know better how my country and its culture work than I do and if you think you know our laws and the history behind them better than German lawyers and historians, I can't help you. > As would the populace, who would just see unelected judges violating letter of the law to stop the people's will and protect the status quo. Nope. It would see the most trusted state organ protecti…

I am not talking about Germany at all, certainly not Germany of today. I think you missed that we are talking about a hypothetical future where a prospective dictator with overwhelming support is concentrating power. It already happened in my country; it's not happening in Germany and you correctly identified the reason ("It would see the most trusted state organ protecting the Basic Law."), not because of any entrenchment clause or even supposedly recursive entrenchment clause.

Re: Gödel's Loophole

#109

Earlier quoted context omitted.

It's a bit of both, depending on what those in power need it to be. I think Gödel's concern was for the people who might not agree with it installing a dictator, but go "well, it's legal and it's what the founding fathers wrote" and therefore go along with it.

Dictators, in general, don't come to power unless some fairly large fraction of people actually want them to.

I've always seen that they come into power with a surprisingly small amount of support.

Re: Gödel's Loophole

#110
post #108

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I told you the facts. If you think you know better how my country and its culture work than I do and if you think you know our laws and the history behind them better than German lawyers and historians, I can't help you. > As would the populace, who would just see unelected judges violating letter of the law to stop the people's will and protect the status quo. Nope. It would see the most trusted state organ protecti…

I am not talking about Germany at all, certainly not Germany of today. I think you missed that we are talking about a hypothetical future where a prospective dictator with overwhelming support is concentrating power. It already happened in my country; it's not happening in Germany and you correctly identified the reason ("It would see the most trusted state organ protecting the Basic Law."), not because of any entren…

No, I think you missed that we were indeed talking about Germany.[1] If you want to change the topic, you should have said so :)

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26578639

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