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Fat, Not Meat, May Have Led to Bigger Hominin Brains

scientificamerican.com

101–110 of 139 posts

Re: Fat, Not Meat, May Have Led to Bigger Hominin Brains

#101

I don't subscribe to New Scientist's trick title or the theories of nutrient limited mammalian brain evolution. Compare brain size of carnivore species with herbivores - there is no overt division in average or max brain size. Generally, herbivorous mammals seem to evolve brains just as large as carnivorous ones. Elephants, orangutans, gorillas grow big brains on a vegetarian diet. If predator diets contain a special…

But brain to body size is determined by meat and fat consumption.

Gorillas are big primates for their brain size. Chimps eat quite a bit of meat, and are not only generally ranked "smarter", but have a bigger brain for their relative body size.

Re: Fat, Not Meat, May Have Led to Bigger Hominin Brains

#102
post #6

Wouldn't other animals with strong bites be capable of crushing bones to eat the marrow inside? The theory is big on assumptions, but I guess that's how it goes when you're trying to figure out what happened millions of years ago.

Some animals like snakes simply swallow prey whole. Dogs and pigs are known for eating hastily with minimal chewing, and I'd imagine many other predators are the same. No idea how efficiently their respective digestive systems extract nutrients from solid mammal chunks.

> Dogs and pigs are known for eating hastily with minimal chewing,

Because they have no or smaller cheeks. But they have very acid stomachs.

The Comparative Anatomy of Eating

http://www.vegsource.com/news/2009/11/the-comparative-anatom...

Omnivore or Herbivore?

https://livinontheveg.com/omnivore-or-herbivore/

Milton Mills, MD: Are Humans Designed to Eat Meat?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXj76A9hI-o&t=66

Re: Fat, Not Meat, May Have Led to Bigger Hominin Brains

#103

I thought this was known. When my first born was a toddler, she would go into the fridge and eat butter. I expressed concern to my grandmother, a life long nurse who was born in 1920 said to me; “the brain knows that it needs fats to grow, just let her eat butter. It is what her body is saying she needs” She is super smart and it wasnt an issue otherwise.

While I'm inclined to agree in this case, the body is fairly easy to re(mis)calibrate [1].

It's very easy to start craving candy bars/cake/ice cream/etc. It's tougher to find a valid rationale for that craving.

[1] For example: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/bies.201400...

Re: Fat, Not Meat, May Have Led to Bigger Hominin Brains

#104

It's still a bit bizarre watching the western world switch form carbs good, fat bad to carbs bad fat good in the span of like a decade.

Scientific dietary experts warn against a low carb diet.

Examples:

New Canada Food Guide: Some Can't Handle It (2019-01-22).

https://youtu.be/lp4zWaLE_ik?t=20

DIETARY GUIDELINES FOR AMERICANS 2015-2020 EIGHTH EDITION

https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/chapter...

https://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines/chapter...

Why Doctors Don't Recommend A Vegan Diet | Dr. Michael Greger (2015-05-17).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_d1Ca6SsKfE

Dr Garth Davis: Americans have become obsessed with Protein (2015-10-28).

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQCt3IhaUtU

Re: Fat, Not Meat, May Have Led to Bigger Hominin Brains

#105

Ghee is considered "Brain food" in Indian culture. It is included in many food items and also in Ayurvedic Meds. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/amp39Gheeamp39-and-its-m...

> It is included in...Ayurvedic Meds

“Ayurveda medicine is considered pseudoscientific” [1].

[1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayurveda

Re: Fat, Not Meat, May Have Led to Bigger Hominin Brains

#107

This is new news? O thought it was established a while ago that humans have only made the progress we have because of an increase in animal fat consumption. Hell, with a few exceptions, you can cluster mammals in a pretty accurate grouping of intelligence by the percentage of animal fat in their diet.

It's an ongoing debate:

> In a wide-ranging review published in February’s issue of Current Anthropology, Thompson joins a team of researchers to weave together several strands of recent evidence and propose a new theory about the transition to large animal consumption by our ancestors. The prevailing view, supported by a confluence of fossil evidence from sites in Ethiopia, is that the emergence of flaked tool use and meat consumption led to the cerebral expansion that kickstarted human evolution more than 2 million years ago. Thompson and her colleagues disagree: Rather than using sharpened stones to hunt and scrape meat from animals, they suggest, earlier hominins may have first bashed bones to harvest fatty nutrients from marrow and brains.

> Then, starting in the mid-1980s, an opposing theory arose in which Homo’s emergence wasn’t so tightly coupled with the origins of hunting and predatory dominance. Rather, early hominins first accessed brain-feeding nutrients through scavenging large animal carcasses. The debate has rolled on through the decades, with evidence for the scavenging theory gradually building.

> Because large animals such as antelope pack a serious micro-and-macro-nutrient punch, scientists have thought their meat contributed to humanity’s outsized brains. A consensus arose in the 1950s that our ancestors first hunted small animals before moving on to larger beasts around 2.6 million years ago. Flaked tool use and meat eating became defining characteristics of the Homo genus.

You know, "science advances one funeral at a time" and all that.

Plus, I'm sure there is some kind of power-fantasy attachment to the older theory that basically puts humans on top of the food chain as apex predators due to our intelligence.

Re: Fat, Not Meat, May Have Led to Bigger Hominin Brains

#108
Tangent: this is a Scientific American "reprint" (reshare?) of a Creative Commons CC BY-ND 4.0 licensed article originally published here: https://www.sapiens.org/evolution/brain-evolution-fat/

I don't know if that matters to others, but I personally prefer the original source for articles like these.

Re: Fat, Not Meat, May Have Led to Bigger Hominin Brains

#109

> “We have no examples today of animals that scavenge but don’t hunt,” he adds. I've seen a number of articles in the last few years talking about how scavenging meat seems to be much more common amongst animals we typically consider herbivores (like deer) than previously realized. There are also a number of opportunistic omnivorous scavengers that rely more on scavenging than hunting it they hunt at all. This claim…

I was shocked when I first heard a colleague in my college's biology department talk about this. He said that when he puts nets up to collect birds for banding, it's essential not to leave them up too long at a time: if you do, passing deer will spot the trapped birds and eat them.

Re: Fat, Not Meat, May Have Led to Bigger Hominin Brains

#110

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Extended simmering (>6 hours) releases much of the nutrients in bones, too - collagen, gelatin, fats, minerals. I frequently slow-cook whole chickens and small bones become so soft they can easily be eaten after about 24 hours. Of course, you don't want to over-do this due to issues like histamine and lead.

Can you elaborate on the histamine/lead issue?

Chickens end up with lead in their bones from pollution in their feed and environment. Normally, it stays in their bones and is discarded. However, extended simmering such as over 12 hours starts to release the lead. It’s a very small amount, anyhow.

As far as histamine this is one resource: https://help.kettleandfire.com/hc/en-us/articles/36001159707...

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