I think, by now "transpile" just means "compile, but in web development". Because, as we all know, web development you never compile things... /s
Compilation is for old people writing old programs that run on old things called "computers". We're fresh and new and iterating quickly on our MVP, so we don't have time to wait for long compilation time. Instead we transpile our code and run it in a serverless environment, a docker container or a browser.
... Waiting for tens of seconds, or minutes, until all the JS libs are loaded into their GB's of RAM by their GHz multicore processors while those old veterans compiled all their stuff within a second on their ancient Turbo Pascal on their ancient MHz CPU's with barely noticable 64K RAM :-)