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Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

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Re: Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

#101
post #64
post #41

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Because Lennart has a lot of pull at Red Hat, and Red Hat has a lot of pull in the Linux community. The BSDs have really straightforward to maintain init scripts. Mainly because all the boilerplate junk is hidden in sourced-in files. Runit takes a more advanced approach, but its service files are still simple scripts a few lines long. We don't need a reinvent-the-world solution like systemd to address the most compla…

It was adopted because the maintainers of distributions like Debian examined the alternatives and decided that systemd was technically superior. For example, please see the analysis of systemd and upstart by Debian maintainer and then-Technical Committee member Russ Allbery: https://lists.debian.org/debian-ctte/2013/12/msg00234.html

> distributions like Debian

In fact, only Debian underwent that process. Ubuntu did not. Nor did Fedora.

The Arch process was very different.

* https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11834348

Re: Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

#102

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I keep waiting for the reasoned, technical arguments against systemd instead of veiled metaphors, complaints about its creator, or protestations that it's different. I think @pmoriarty here just nailed it. It's not necessarily that "SystemD sucks" or that it doesn't do what it proclaims to do. But the fact that it's so monolithic (in practice, if not in principle) and subsumes so much of the rest of the system, and i…

> The "Unix Philosophy" of "do one thing and do it well" isn't just a tagline. That philosophy is cherished because it's been proven to be valuable. Replacing init with something that moves away from that is certainly worthy of questioning, if not outright criticism. Systemd is a whole group of small, factored tools that call to each other. This complaint gets trotted out a lot and I lump it in with the "It is differ…

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=13390245

Re: Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

#103
post #53

I keep waiting for the reasoned, technical arguments against systemd instead of veiled metaphors, complaints about its creator, or protestations that it's different. The initd-inspired community has resisted the push for declarative and component-based core system infrastructure for so long, and it's causing very strange distortions to the linux ecosystem as solutions get sought for the problems it introduces. System…

I think systemd critique is misguided. The real problem is Linux. A lot of things in Linux is either bad or ancient. People are building these solutions: PulseAudio, systemd, NetworkManager, libuv, Xorg, SELinux, OpenSSH because they are forced to do so. It not like Red Hat sponsor a systemd from pure goodwill and love to mankind. Since it is politically incorrect to criticize Linux, people attack projects that try m…

People are building these solutions: PulseAudio, systemd, NetworkManager, libuv, Xorg, SELinux, OpenSSH because they are forced to do so.

How old are you? OpenSSH wasn't built because there was something wrong with Linux per-se, in fact it came out of BSD due to a licensing issue with SSH. SSH was a replacement for the rlogin/telnet type toolsuites due to them being ridiculously insecure. Nothing to do with Linux.

Xorg was released, again as mostly a licensing issue (although some architectural improvements) based on XFree86, which was first released in 1991, with UNIX type systems in mind. This fully working windowing system was released around the same time Linus released the first fledgling version of his kernel. XFree86 was an implementation of X, which was around way before Linux was around.

> The real problem is Linux

I lack the words or intellect to refute such a well-founded and self-evident statement.

Re: Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

#104

Earlier quoted context omitted.

You might have missed this: https://lkml.org/lkml/2017/7/6/577 Ted Ts'o: https://plus.google.com/+TheodoreTso/posts/EJrEuxjR65J "For me a lot of "good taste" is about adding complexity when it's needed, and avoiding it when it's not needed. And if you do have complexity, making sure you have the tools so you can debug things when they break. And for me one of the things that I don't like about systemd is that it has…

I don't really get this. Linus and Lennart both are opinionated and tend to be pretty convinced that they're right. The difference is that Linus, if he feels you're wrong, will tell you that you should be retroactively aborted ( https://lkml.org/lkml/2012/7/6/495 ), and part of the HN readership will applaud this as a wonderful example of no-nonsense project leadership. From what I recall from the systemd-devel maili…

Linus and Lennart both are opinionated and tend to be pretty convinced that they're right.

I am as amused as the next person by Linus' occasional invective on LKML, although I think it is sometimes a bit over the top. The difference between Linus and Lennart is that Linus tends to easily and of listen to the voice of reason, whereas Lennart, in Lennarts' mind, can do no wrong. Moreover, Linus has a 26 year history of shipping quality, working code built by a small army of developers. Lennart.... doesn't.

Mentioning these two in the same breath, in the sense of "well, Linus can do it, therefore so can Lennart" is a ridiculous kind of argument.

Re: Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

#105

Earlier quoted context omitted.

That's my biggest issue with it: tendrils branching out into all the other aspects of the system. Systemd won't always be the state of the art, and we'll want to replace it someday. Replacing SysV init? Relatively easy. Replacing Systemd, all the ancillary programs, desktop environments that it ties into, etc? It's a ton of work. One of the arguments I've heard repeated is that it's all very modular, but that doesn't…

Replacing SysV init is not easy, unless you want to copy the majority of its problems as well.

Actually, replacing van Smoorenburg init is easy, because very few softwares actually use /etc/inittab as a mechanism. "On the fingers of one hand" is actually close to the mark: inittab is used by van Smoorenburg rc, the old style startup for things like runit and daemontools, and a couple of private projects that people have not published but to whose users/creators I have had to explain the death of inittab.

Replacing van Smoorenburg rc is somewhat harder, but OpenRC does exist. As indeed does Mewburn rc (albeit that that is designed to run under FreeBSD init rather than van Smoorenburg init).

Three points to learn for these systemd discussions:

- init is not rc.

- We do not live in a world where nothing happened in between 1992 and 2011. A lot of things were done, a lot of softwares now exist, and the world did not step from van Smoorenburg init+rc to systemd. (Indeed, in 1992, the AIX SRC already existed.)

- van Smoorenburg init+rc are themselves clones of other softwares. These clones over the years added things like parallel startup with startpar, dependency ordering with insserv, faster boot times by switching to a shell with less startup overhead caused by its interactive-mode features, and a distinction between emergency and rescue modes.

* http://blog.darknedgy.net/technology/2015/09/05/0/

* http://jdebp.eu./FGA/inittab-is-history.html

* http://jdebp.eu./FGA/system-5-rc-problems.html

* http://uselessd.darknedgy.net/ProSystemdAntiSystemd/

* http://jdebp.eu./FGA/emergency-and-rescue-mode-bootstrap.htm...

Re: Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

#106

Say I want to create an independent, 100% compatible implementation of systemd which can just drop-in to any systemd installation, no matter how it is configured and have it work? Where can I download the precise set of requirements for this, so that I don't have to peek at the systemd source code? What is systemd?

Say I want to create an independent, 100% compatible implementation of Linux which can just drop-in to any Linux installation, no matter how it is configured and have it work? Where can I download the precise set of requirements for this, so that I don't have to peek at the Linux source code? What is Linux? Really, this doesn't make sense.

Say I want to create an independent, 100% compatible implementation of Unix which can just drop-in to work on any X86 processor, no matter how it is configured and have it work?

FTFY

Re: Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

#107
post #8

I keep waiting for the reasoned, technical arguments against systemd instead of veiled metaphors, complaints about its creator, or protestations that it's different. The initd-inspired community has resisted the push for declarative and component-based core system infrastructure for so long, and it's causing very strange distortions to the linux ecosystem as solutions get sought for the problems it introduces. System…

I don't think that most people have a problem with systemd itself. Only some people. Usually it's a minor problem. But then you take it to the mailing list, and if it gets all the way to Lennart, he'll treat it like that's a "You" problem. I have not personally experienced this, but I've been in enough of these threads to realize that it's a big problem when, on a regular basis, you can't get these little problems so…

Lennart Poettering is not the only systemd developer.

This is a point that bears repeating, so I shall.

Lennart Poettering is not the only systemd developer.

In all of the discussion of Lennart Poettering's reaction to the User=0pointer gives superuser rights bug, almost no-one has looked at the other systemd developers. I have had to point out several times Zbigniew Jędrzejewski-Szmek's reaction, which was to work on https://github.com/systemd/systemd/pull/6300 .

Or you might want to look at Martin Pitt, the systemd developer who famously turned back off systemd's widely problematic DefaultTasksMax setting, for Ubuntu. https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11675133 https://anonscm.debian.org/git/pkg-systemd/systemd.git/tree/...

Re: Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

#108
post #93
post #74

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> [...] Russ Allbery's analysis of systemd [...] explains why it's such a compelling feature: It's tightly integrated where it doesn't need to be (with zombie reaper), you can't replace it (only slap something on top of it), and generally those few last log lines that are displayed are useless anyway, as usually when something breaks I still need to view full logs. Much more useful would be debuggability (with syslog…

Any discussion about this should be anchored with an answer to the questions I asked earlier: What functionality do you think systemd should not have that it has today? What is a better way of achieving the benefits provided by that functionality? Let's talk about logging. The systemd journal is designed to capture and log the output of all programs. Some programs do not integrate with syslog: they write to stdout/st…

> Any discussion about this should be anchored with an answer to the questions I asked earlier: What functionality do you think systemd should not have that it has today? What is a better way of achieving the benefits provided by that functionality?

I already replied to that.

> How do you recommend capturing and logging program output, if not by having the supervisor do it? (And why is that approach preferable?)

Supervisor is in appropriate place only for substituting STDOUT and STDERR descriptors at the daemon's start, but once that is done, the descriptors are easily transferrable to logging daemon. Obviously, the logging daemon should understand that, so rsyslog would need a plugin to accept those descriptors, or a generic intermediate daemon that reads all the output and sends it further to syslog would be needed, but that's it. There's literally no benefit in coupling log collector with zombie reaper as tightly as in systemd.

> The journal is an integrated part of the systemd toolkit, and that's a good thing because it enables useful capabilities like capturing stdout

...which is easily achievable without coupling...

> and good user experiences like `systemctl status`.

...which is useless anyway, as I said in my earlier post. Oh, but this "good user experience" is indeed really excellent, because when I start a daemon and it dies, `systemctl start' does not print the information that daemon failed to start nor the daemon's initial logs. I get nothing and I don't know that the daemon died. Indeed, great user experience. Or updating unit files, again, great experience when the unit file acts in exactly the same way as previously, because I forgot to reload systemd and it didn't inform me to do so. Or systemd automatically chopping log output to my terminal. Or awful command line syntax of journalctl. Top notch user experience indeed!

> But you don't have to interact with it. If you prefer the syslog toolchain instead, then redirect the journal to syslog via ForwardToSyslog=yes in journald.conf.

So this tight coupling is good, because it gives me nothing useful over not coupled architecture and I can easily work around this coupling? This is what you're trying to say?

> The journal still adds value with this approach because it captures logs that syslog can't (and without kludges like `logrotate` and `logger`).

First, syslog can capture this output. It's not impossible and it's not even difficult.

Second, these "kludges" that worked well for decades are replaced with (a) brittle disk format that breaks apart on system crash, (b) lack of control over how long the logs are kept, and (c) lack of remote log collection.

> Is there another IPC framework you think systemd should have integrated with instead?

You're asking wrong question. It's not that systemd should not integrate with D-Bus, it's that it should not swallow it.

And now I'll ask once again: what is the so important reason for systemd to provide QR code generator and task scheduler?

Re: Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

#109

Earlier quoted context omitted.

> If you like being inconsistent and tribal, then yes. You can. I feel like you're pushing an agenda & have discarded any possibility of listening to other points of view, or modifying your position. I recognise it as 'listening in bad faith'. I didn't say I liked being inconsistent or tribal, you are putting words into my mouth in an attempt to discredit my position as irrational. It's still a false choice: I can ch…

I did read your post. I just disagree with it entirely. You're picking and choosing who gets to be a bad actor based on your moral compass. That's a thing you can do, but I have a different compass. Don't expect appeals on the axis of your internalized morality to be compelling? You can choose how you spend your time. But that doesn't mean you can choose how people evaluate that time and if it's fair or not. This is…

I’m sorry that I implied that you were acting in bad faith; that’s just the phrase I’m familiar with that describes the style of listening that I recognsed in your replies.

If I understood your argument correctly, your position is that both Lennart and Linux exhibit aggressive, egotistical, “asshole” behavior. This makes them equally bad and thus condemning Lennart more that Linux is unfair.

I recognse this style of argument as the Continuum Fallacy: that if two things fall into the same scale of badness, then as a whole they are equally bad.

I disagree with this argument, and think it is possible for someone to complain & take action against one problem without being obliged to do the same against another similar problem. I also think that people can choose which problem to address, and do not necessarily have to only address the most egregious issue.

As I understand it, your complaint is that people complain about Lennart’s antisocial behaviour but remain silent on Linus’. I think that, since this topic is regarding systemsd, people will take about Lennart, and as the topic is not about the Linux kernel, people won’t talk about Linus. So, there may be lots of comments addressing Linus’ behaviour, but I wouldn’t expect to see them here.

Finally, I think the thing that makes Linus more acceptable than Lennart is that Linus is open about mistakes and has grown a developement community which encourages collaboration, and his outbursts are directed at changes which don’t match his expectations (which are fairly well established: run tests, check for merge conflicts, etc.).

I hope I have been clearer, and that this helps you make sense of some of the behaviour you have seen that you think is inconsistent/irrational.

Re: Why Did It Take Devuan Two Years to Replace Systemd?

#110
post #53

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I think systemd critique is misguided. The real problem is Linux. A lot of things in Linux is either bad or ancient. People are building these solutions: PulseAudio, systemd, NetworkManager, libuv, Xorg, SELinux, OpenSSH because they are forced to do so. It not like Red Hat sponsor a systemd from pure goodwill and love to mankind. Since it is politically incorrect to criticize Linux, people attack projects that try m…

People are building these solutions: PulseAudio, systemd, NetworkManager, libuv, Xorg, SELinux, OpenSSH because they are forced to do so. How old are you? OpenSSH wasn't built because there was something wrong with Linux per-se, in fact it came out of BSD due to a licensing issue with SSH. SSH was a replacement for the rlogin/telnet type toolsuites due to them being ridiculously insecure. Nothing to do with Linux. Xo…

OpenSSH was ported from BSB because there was no alternative in Linux. If not for GNU available for Linus, we would have now flame wars Red Hat vs Canonical coreutils.

X was fine 20 years ago as a prototype. In the meantime, we could have Linux Foundation to create a modern alternative. Instead, we have two competing solutions MIR and Wayland that still do not work very well.

The reason we have such clusterfuck of incompatible distributions is that Linux is one man show. Instead of bringing industry toghether, Linus is doing his own thing. In meantime distributions instead trying to create useful userspace software are repackaging, porting and competing on init systems.... Next pointless war on the horizon snap vs flatpak.

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