This looked like great news until I came to "Heavy use of threads is also going to be a problem since Emscripten doesn't currently support them." Sorry, this is a total showstopper for me. I'll check back when Emscripten actually lets me use more than 1/4 or 1/8 of the CPU.
Detection of number of available cores is totally different problem. On the other hand, probably detecting number of cores should not be used in first place..