I worked for a short while in a national lab. They used to call this "air-gap" security. i.e., there would be computers which would have no internet connection and no usb/harddrive inputs etc. If they needed data in there, they would have one person read data from one computer and type it into the secure one. Essentially there would be a literal air-gap between the secure computer and the non-secure ones.
Typically the sheep dip station has AV and some other antimalware tools, but depending on what you're trying to do you might have a dedicated sheep dip person that manually checks the content of what you're importing/exporting (particularly for sensitive IP in large engineering and research organisations). When this happens, it usually takes weeks to get anything approved for import/export.