"Idle cost is that one lightweight SELECT per millisecond per database — no page-cache pressure, no writer-lock contention, no kernel file watcher in the mix." I think (respectfully) the LLM that probably wrote this overshot the mark here because busy-polling a select does not actually sound better to me than a "kernel file watcher".
And if you are making changes, don't you have to poll regardless after the file watcher wakes you?
For WAL mode, SQLite can probably satisfy this query just by inspecting some shared memory. But it is busy waiting, sure.