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Building a personal, private AI computer on a budget

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Re: Building a personal, private AI computer on a budget

#11
post #7

Isn't the fact the P40 has horrible fp16 performance a deal breaker for local setups?

Is it cheaper in $/GB than used Vega 56(HBM2 8GB) besides? There are mining boards with bunch of x1 slots that probably can run half a dozen of them for same 48GB.

Would take a bunch of time just to load the model...

Re: Building a personal, private AI computer on a budget

#14

Does using 2x24GB VRAM mean that the model can be fully loaded into memory if it's between 24 and 48 GB in size? I somehow doubt it, at least ollama wouldn't work like that I think. But does anyone know?

No. Hopefully, someone with more knowledge can explain better. But you need room for the kvcache is my understanding. You also need to factor in the size of the context window. If anyone has good resources on this, that would be awesome. Presently, it feels very much like a dark art to host these without crashing or being massively over-provisioned.

Re: Building a personal, private AI computer on a budget

#15
post #13

You can do 8b local on the latest iPhones.

How useful is this, though? In my modest experience, these tiny models aren't good for much more than tinkering with, definitely not something I'd integrate into my workflow since the output quality is pretty low.

Again, though, my experience is limited. I imagine others know something I do not and would absolutely love to hear more from people who are running tiny models on low-end hardware for things like code assistance, since that's where the use-case would lie for me.

At the moment, I subscribe to "cloud" models that I use for various tasks and that seems to be working well enough, but it would be nice to have a personal model that I could train on very specific data. I'm sure I am missing something, since it's also hard to keep up with all the developments in the Generative AI world.

Re: Building a personal, private AI computer on a budget

#16
post #4

Great breakdown!. The "own your own AI" at home is a terrific hobby if you like to tinker, but you are going to spend a ton of time and money on hardware that will be underutilized most of the time. If you want to go nuts check out Mitko Vasilev's dream machine. It makes no sense if you don't have a very clear use case that only requires small models or really slow token generation speeds. If the goal however is not…

This is correct. The cost makes no sense outside of hobby and interest. You're far better off renting. I think there is some merit to having a local inference server if you're doing development. You can manage models and have a little more control over your infra as the main benefits.

Re: Building a personal, private AI computer on a budget

#17
The author mentions it but I want to expand on it: Apple is a seriously good option here, specifically the M4 Mac Mini.

What makes Apple attractive is (as the author mentions) that RAM is shared between main and video RAM whereas NVidia is quite intentionally segmenting the market and charging huge premiums for high VRAM cards. Here are some options:

1. Base $599 Mac Mini: 16GB of RAM. Stocked in store.

2. $999 Mac Mini: 24GB of RAM. Stocked in store.

3. Add RAM to either of the above up to 32GB. It's not cheap at $200/8GB but you can buy a Mac Mini with 32GB of shared RAM for $999, substantially cheaper than the author's PC build but less storage (although you can upgrade that too).

4. M4 Pro: $1399 w/ 24GB of RAM. Stocked in store. You can customize this all the way to 64GB of RAM for +$600 so $1999 in total. That is amazing value for this kind of workload.

5. The Mac Studio is really the ultimate option. Way more cores and you can go all the way to 192GB of unified memory (for a $6000 machine). The problem here is that the Mac Studio is old, still on the M2 architecture. An M4 Ultra update is expected sometime this year, possibly late this year.

6. You can get into clustering these (eg [1]).

7. There are various Macbook Pro options, the highest of which is a 16" Mackbook Pro with 128GB of unified memory for $4999.

But the main takeaway is the M4 Mac Mini is fantastic value.

Some more random thoughts:

- Some Mac Minis have Thunderbolt 5 ("TB5"), which is up to either 80Gbps or 120Gbps bidirectional (I've seen it quoted as both);

- Mac Minis have the option of 10GbE (+$200);

- The Mac Mini has 2 USB3 ports and either 3 TB4 or 3 TB5 ports.

[1]: https://blog.exolabs.net/day-2/

Re: Building a personal, private AI computer on a budget

#18
post #4

Great breakdown!. The "own your own AI" at home is a terrific hobby if you like to tinker, but you are going to spend a ton of time and money on hardware that will be underutilized most of the time. If you want to go nuts check out Mitko Vasilev's dream machine. It makes no sense if you don't have a very clear use case that only requires small models or really slow token generation speeds. If the goal however is not…

Any M-series Mac is "good enough" for home LLMs. Just grab LM studio and a model that fits in memory.

Yes, it will not rival OpenAI, but it's 100% local with no monthly fees and depending on the model no censoring or limits on what you can do with it.

Re: Building a personal, private AI computer on a budget

#20

The thing is though.... the locally hosted models in such hardware are cute as toys, and sure do write funny jokes and importantly, perform private tasks that I would never consider passing to non-selfhosted models, but pale in comparison to the models accessible over APIs(Claude 3.5 Sonnet, OpenAI etc). If I could run deepseek-r1-678b locally, without breaking the bank, I would. But, for now, opex > capex at a consu…

200+ comments, https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=42897205 > This runs the 671B model in Q4 quantization at 3.5-4.25 TPS for $2K on a single socket Epyc server motherboard using 512GB of RAM.

Runs is an overstatement though. With 4 tokens/second you can't use it on production.
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