Rome (the city) does still exist, as do the Roman Catholic church and Eastern Orthodox church which were integral institutions of the late Roman empire. Rome, the original capital, passed in to possession by the modern Italian state, which declared itself a "new Roman Empire" under Mussolini less than 100 years ago. The new Roman capital at Constantinople passed into the hands of the Ottoman Empire in the 1500s, whose leader took the moniker "Caesar of Rome". Other states like the Germanic "Holy Roman Empire" and even the Russian Empire with its "Tsars" (Caesars) have claimed to be successors to the Roman Empire.