Years ago (2002?), I heard about a Uni that was handing out little clickers that TV audiences get for live voting.
With these, students could rate how much they were understanding as the lecture went along, or the lecturer could put up multi-choice questions for an instant gauge of how well the students got it. (Crucially, all voting was anonymous so students didn't feel like they were being tested.)
Apparently it really helped lecturers, but there was more than once when the lecturer came to a complete stop because they didn't know where to go. (Better than carrying on blindly not knowing no-ones with you tho.)
These days, with cheap smart-phones and wifi on campus it would be easy to do something similar with just a website.