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Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

dmarcchecker.app

11–20 of 433 posts

Re: Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

#11
post #6

Could someone help me understand why we're not dramatically ramping up key sizes across the board on all encryption? Not as a solution, but as a buy-some-time measure. Compute is rapidly increasing, there is continuous chatter about quantum and yet everyone seems to be just staring at their belly buttons. Obviously bigger keys are more expensive in compute, but we've got more too...why only use it on the cracking sid…

[deleted]

Re: Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

#12

How common are such small DKIM keys? I'm pretty sure mine are 2048-bit, though I'd have to check as they were last set a fair while ago.

First sentence:

> In our study on the SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records of the top 1M websites, we were surprised to uncover more than 1,700 public DKIM keys that were shorter than 1,024 bits in length

Re: Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

#13
post #3
post #2

Technically, this is very nice work. But as a security generality - email is vastly less secure* than human nature wants to assume that it is. Human nature usually wins. *Outside of a carefully run org's own network, and a few other edge cases

Yeah, so I guess there's no point in picking any of the low hanging fruit to make it more secure.

Email is actually quite secure, just in a different way that web.

For instance, once you disregard so called transactional mail and spam, real email is almost all encrypted for all practical purposes.

DKIM and DMARC also work quite well for spoofing protection, aside from the corner cases like the above.

Average Software Engineers have an outdated idea of email, formed by 1990 era Internet.

Re: Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

#14
post #12

How common are such small DKIM keys? I'm pretty sure mine are 2048-bit, though I'd have to check as they were last set a fair while ago.

First sentence: > In our study on the SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records of the top 1M websites, we were surprised to uncover more than 1,700 public DKIM keys that were shorter than 1,024 bits in length

So 1,700 out of 1,000,000, i.e. around 0.2%. "Not common" is one way of putting it, I guess.

Re: Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

#15

How common are such small DKIM keys? I'm pretty sure mine are 2048-bit, though I'd have to check as they were last set a fair while ago.

Not common. 1024-2048 bit RSA is the most common DKIM scheme. It's been 6 years since Ed25519 was labeled "required" in a drafted RFC, but adoption is as usual taking an unfortunately long time.

Re: Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

#16
post #6

Could someone help me understand why we're not dramatically ramping up key sizes across the board on all encryption? Not as a solution, but as a buy-some-time measure. Compute is rapidly increasing, there is continuous chatter about quantum and yet everyone seems to be just staring at their belly buttons. Obviously bigger keys are more expensive in compute, but we've got more too...why only use it on the cracking sid…

> Even simple things like forcing TLS 1.3 instead of 1.2 from client side breaks things...including hn site.

That’s the reason, it breaks things, and some of them are important and can’t simply be updated.

Re: Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

#17
post #6

Could someone help me understand why we're not dramatically ramping up key sizes across the board on all encryption? Not as a solution, but as a buy-some-time measure. Compute is rapidly increasing, there is continuous chatter about quantum and yet everyone seems to be just staring at their belly buttons. Obviously bigger keys are more expensive in compute, but we've got more too...why only use it on the cracking sid…

Probably because RSA 2048 is not yet broken, and once there we still have RSA 4096 to lean back on which is since quite some time the most common key size for most things using RSA (DKIM being one of the exceptions).

In the context of DKIM we're waiting for Ed25519 to reach major adoption, which will solve a lot of annoyances for everyone.

Re: Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

#18
post #6

Could someone help me understand why we're not dramatically ramping up key sizes across the board on all encryption? Not as a solution, but as a buy-some-time measure. Compute is rapidly increasing, there is continuous chatter about quantum and yet everyone seems to be just staring at their belly buttons. Obviously bigger keys are more expensive in compute, but we've got more too...why only use it on the cracking sid…

We are doing that, just not everyone is as concerned by safety and make different tradeoffs against things like ease of use or accessibility. Different applications have different tolerances and that’s fine.

If and when anything quantum is able to yield results (I wouldn’t worry much about this), increasing key size is pretty much meaningless, you need to move to other encryption schemes (there’s lots of options already).

Re: Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

#19
post #3
post #2

Technically, this is very nice work. But as a security generality - email is vastly less secure* than human nature wants to assume that it is. Human nature usually wins. *Outside of a carefully run org's own network, and a few other edge cases

Yeah, so I guess there's no point in picking any of the low hanging fruit to make it more secure.

Depends on context.

If you're in IT at a carefully run org: You ditched 512-bit keys years ago. This article is nothing but a 20-second story, to help explain to PHB's and noobs why they got an error message, or what sorta important stuff you're always busy keeping your org safe from.

If you're in IT at a scraping-by org: Maybe today's a good day to ditch 512-bit keys. And if you get push-back...gosh, here's a how-to article, showing how a "forged corporate signature stamp" can be made for only $8.

If you're trying to teach senior citizen how to avoid being scammed on the internet: You've got zero visibility or control, so you're stuck with "sometimes these can be forged, depending on technical details" generalities.

Re: Cracking a 512-bit DKIM key for less than $8 in the cloud

#20
post #14
post #12

Earlier quoted context omitted.

First sentence: > In our study on the SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records of the top 1M websites, we were surprised to uncover more than 1,700 public DKIM keys that were shorter than 1,024 bits in length

So 1,700 out of 1,000,000, i.e. around 0.2%. "Not common" is one way of putting it, I guess.

Those 1,700 are easy to find though, just need to dig a bunch of domain names and you'll find plenty vulnerable ones that you can spoof.

Yahoo Mail has a market share on the order of 3%. So a black hat could then target a decent chunk of users with @yahoo addresses specifically.

Has anyone heard of this being exploited in the wild? Would be interesting to find out whether there are some reputable domains among the 1.7k vulnerable ones.

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