There are so a lot more patterns of high availability architectures other than load balancing. Distributed Queues, Pub/Sub, Gossip just a few that come to mind. In your example, you are using what is called a classical three-tier web architecture - a Load Balancer + Stateless Nodes + Scalable Storage. The most interesting part of HA setup in a three-tier web architecture is HA setup of the persistent storage componen…
PostgreSQL: Comparison of Different Solutions http://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/static/different-repl...
as well as the rest of chapter 25..