For a minute, forget about "persisting beyond death".
Consider consciousness, is there any conceptual model at all of how it arises purely out of the known physical laws?
I can imagine building a computer with strong-AI and I see no reason - what so ever - to assume that it may possess any form of consciousness. Given all that we know about how the physical world works, and how computers work, there's no reason to assume that some particular software configuration will give rise to subjective consciousness within a computer.