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Physicists detect signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

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Re: Physicists detect signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

#11

It’s always bugged me that science claims there are trillions of neutrinos going through me, yet can hardly detect them with a nearly trillion dollar machine and a doctorate. Then there’s dark energy, which just seems like a lame excuse for saying “we don’t know”. Nobody says what goes through my body but me! (I’m being funny, y’all! Happy holidays!)

If you think science has you stomach untenable ideas, it's got nothing on what a lack of science will stick you with.

Re: Physicists detect signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

#13

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Noob qestion, but I am interested: um "So why the heck they doesn't 'fusion'-react their stuff in a hu liquid?", and why isn't there an energy-surplus gotten from 'friction' ? And yes, way back i read something about the (reversed) bernoulli-effect. Any help ?

Hmmm... in good faith I'm not able to parse your question. I don't know what hu liquid is, or what you mean by "their stuff". Maybe you could try again.

I had similar issues parsing the question.

I've noticed a marked uptick in almost-but-not-quite comprehensible questions in the last few months in various internet venues, like Discord and Slack.

Having run my own MegaHAL[1] on IRC back in the days, it made me think about if someone is having fun with a new generation AI chat bots...

Not saying that is the case here though.

[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MegaHAL

Re: Physicists detect signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

#14
post #7

What happens if a neutrino interacts with something?

That depends on the energy of the neutrino, for lower energies there will be some momentum exchange, but since neutrinos are extremely light, this may be neglected depending on your experimental setup.

At higher energies (>GeV) depending on the interaction type (whether a W-boson or a Z-boson is exchanged), a charged lepton comes out, which can be an electron, muon or tau (the tau decays very fast) and this is the same as the neutrino flavor. Or a hadronic shower if a nucleon is hit.

Of course it's always more complicated than that: for lower energies (sub-GeV) you get resonance scattering, where the nucleus will emit a meson (quark-anti-quark particle), or deep-inelastic scattering, where the nucleus is broken up and hadronic particles create a cascade of more particles.

Edit: see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_shower for more on these cascades. It's a bit bare-bone, I don't have a nice reference right now.

Re: Physicists detect signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

#15
post #7

What happens if a neutrino interacts with something?

Usually the neutrino will interact with a nucleus and what happens is the reverse of a beta decay, i.e. either a proton will be changed into a neutron or a neutron into a proton, with the emission of an electron or a positron.

So one atom will be converted into an atom of another element, which is a neighbor to it in the periodic table.

Because one neutral lepton goes in and one charged lepton goes out, you might say that the neutrino snatches an electric charge from a nucleus, transmuting it into the nucleus of another element. However this interaction happens extremely seldom. In most cases the neutrino passes by without any effects.

Nevertheless, there has been a proposal to generate extremely powerful neutrino beams, with which to destroy any hidden nuclear weapons.

Re: Physicists detect signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

#16
post #7

What happens if a neutrino interacts with something?

Usually the neutrino will interact with a nucleus and what happens is the reverse of a beta decay, i.e. either a proton will be changed into a neutron or a neutron into a proton, with the emission of an electron or a positron. So one atom will be converted into an atom of another element, which is a neighbor to it in the periodic table. Because one neutral lepton goes in and one charged lepton goes out, you might say…

So if we could force neutrino interactions at scale we could make any element we want in large quantities?

Re: Physicists detect signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

#17

It’s always bugged me that science claims there are trillions of neutrinos going through me, yet can hardly detect them with a nearly trillion dollar machine and a doctorate. Then there’s dark energy, which just seems like a lame excuse for saying “we don’t know”. Nobody says what goes through my body but me! (I’m being funny, y’all! Happy holidays!)

> seems like a lame excuse for saying “we don’t know”.

Dark matter/energy aren’t excuses, they’re labels for things that behave like matter and energy but whose nature is unknown.

Re: Physicists detect signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

#18
post #16

Earlier quoted context omitted.

Usually the neutrino will interact with a nucleus and what happens is the reverse of a beta decay, i.e. either a proton will be changed into a neutron or a neutron into a proton, with the emission of an electron or a positron. So one atom will be converted into an atom of another element, which is a neighbor to it in the periodic table. Because one neutral lepton goes in and one charged lepton goes out, you might say…

So if we could force neutrino interactions at scale we could make any element we want in large quantities?

Using neutrinos is far less efficient than using gamma radiation or neutrons or high energy electrons or ions for transmutations.

The photons/neutrons/electrons/ions have a high probability of interaction with the target, while the neutrinos have a very low probability of interaction.

All the elements that do not exist in nature due to low lifetime have been produced by transmutation, but this can be done only for very small quantities at huge prices.

Re: Physicists detect signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

#19

It’s always bugged me that science claims there are trillions of neutrinos going through me, yet can hardly detect them with a nearly trillion dollar machine and a doctorate. Then there’s dark energy, which just seems like a lame excuse for saying “we don’t know”. Nobody says what goes through my body but me! (I’m being funny, y’all! Happy holidays!)

In all seriousness, I found myself wondering about those numbers before; but consider that there's on the order of 10^27 atoms in your body. So, if we assume a trillion neutrinos in your body, that indicates that for each neutrino in your body, there are 10^15 atoms - that's one part per quadrillion! A machine capable of detecting neutrinos in your body would need to be _unimaginably_ sensitive, before even considering the intrinsic difficulty in detecting them due to low mass and neutral charge.

Re: Physicists detect signs of neutrinos at Large Hadron Collider

#20
post #7

What happens if a neutrino interacts with something?

Usually the neutrino will interact with a nucleus and what happens is the reverse of a beta decay, i.e. either a proton will be changed into a neutron or a neutron into a proton, with the emission of an electron or a positron. So one atom will be converted into an atom of another element, which is a neighbor to it in the periodic table. Because one neutral lepton goes in and one charged lepton goes out, you might say…

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