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How would periodic “free-fall” motion look in this setup? E.g. a point mass orbiting around a body, or a point mass oscillating back and forth in a 1D gravity well.
Could this be named more correctly: Gravity is not a force – free-fall hyperbolas are straight lines in spacetime (timhutton.github.io) ?
True gravitational force is something that can’t be transformed away by an arbitrary choice of frame (even an accelerating one). As a brief example, consider two objects in downwards free fall toward the centre of some massive object. Since they head towards the centre, in a free falling frame the two objects actually get closer to each other until they collide as they reach the centre. This is known as the tidal eff…
I always thought that was a nice way to drop one dimension down to get the intuition. To the metaphorical 2D ant they see two friends attracted to/falling towards each other, but they are going in a straight line on a curved surface and there are no forces at play.
I'll answer this question as I understand it, but I only took four lectures of General Relativity before I gave it up in favour of computability and logic, so if there is a more intuitive and/or less wrong answer out there, please correct me.
Intuitive answer: the curve is indeed very gentle, and (e.g.) light will be deflected only very slightly by the curvature; but the ball is moving for a couple of seconds, and that's an eternity. On human scales, the time dimension is much "bigger" than the space dimensions (we're quite big in the time dimension and quite small in the spatial dimensions); the ball moves only a small distance through space but a very large distance through time, amounting to a big distance in spacetime, and so the slight curvature has a bigger effect than you might expect.
I heard an interesting question at one point: "how come, when you throw a ball up on Earth, the parabola is so strongly curved? Spacetime is nearly flat, so how can a straight line become such a steep parabola?" I'll answer this question as I understand it, but I only took four lectures of General Relativity before I gave it up in favour of computability and logic, so if there is a more intuitive and/or less wrong an…
True gravitational force is something that can’t be transformed away by an arbitrary choice of frame (even an accelerating one). As a brief example, consider two objects in downwards free fall toward the centre of some massive object. Since they head towards the centre, in a free falling frame the two objects actually get closer to each other until they collide as they reach the centre. This is known as the tidal eff…
I heard an interesting question at one point: "how come, when you throw a ball up on Earth, the parabola is so strongly curved? Spacetime is nearly flat, so how can a straight line become such a steep parabola?" I'll answer this question as I understand it, but I only took four lectures of General Relativity before I gave it up in favour of computability and logic, so if there is a more intuitive and/or less wrong an…
Air resistance, wind, and horizonal acceleration. Over long vertical distances, these perturbations in the x-axis cause an arc. Nothing to do with general relativity.
How would periodic “free-fall” motion look in this setup? E.g. a point mass orbiting around a body, or a point mass oscillating back and forth in a 1D gravity well.
I tried to explain it with words, but I guess the images are worth more than I could write..
How would periodic “free-fall” motion look in this setup? E.g. a point mass orbiting around a body, or a point mass oscillating back and forth in a 1D gravity well.
In the left-hand image, an orbit would be a horizontal line, because it's a constant distance. So it's a mirror of the time axis, but translated upwards in space. It would be exactly the same axis-mirroring translation in the other images. So, importantly, it would not be a line in the right-hand image.
By definition, the world line of a stable orbit would be a line in curved spacetime.
I heard an interesting question at one point: "how come, when you throw a ball up on Earth, the parabola is so strongly curved? Spacetime is nearly flat, so how can a straight line become such a steep parabola?" I'll answer this question as I understand it, but I only took four lectures of General Relativity before I gave it up in favour of computability and logic, so if there is a more intuitive and/or less wrong an…