This reminds me of Mach's Principle: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mach%27s_principle
http://fqxi.org/data/essay-contest-files/Barbour_The_Nature_...
And here is David Mermin's "Ithaca Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics", otherwise known as the "Zero Worlds" hypothesis (to contrast to the more famous "Many Worlds"), because it is entirely relational:
http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9801057
http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/9609013
Mik