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Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

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Re: Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

#11

...in mice. It would be nice if we spent as much time, money and attention on figuring out prevention. Inadequate hygiene infrastructure (like toilets) in developing areas is part of the problem here. But addressing that isn't as exciting to people as finding a cure for a super bug. If we really want to fix this, that needs to change.

We do.

Re: Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

#12
post #2

This paper shows what can be done when you carefully run an ML program alongside a wet lab experimental program tailored to feed back into the ML program. The results end up far more interesting than some recent "ML aided drug discovery" papers in that they actually discovered a drug that functions very differently than known antibiotics (AB). Even though the structures that came out look AB-like, they work different…

Not just in drug discovery but in most interesting industries. Using ML as either a human/cyborg aid or ML+real world ground truth is a secret superpower that I'm surprised more people don't know about. I'm glad they don't.

They do. It's just easier to add extra CPU cores to a ML pipeline than another person.

Re: Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

#13

...in mice. It would be nice if we spent as much time, money and attention on figuring out prevention. Inadequate hygiene infrastructure (like toilets) in developing areas is part of the problem here. But addressing that isn't as exciting to people as finding a cure for a super bug. If we really want to fix this, that needs to change.

We do.

I can't think of the last time I saw a headline on the front page of HN about the importance of solving open defecation. I see headlines about creating new treatments for super bugs pretty regularly.

Open defecation costs $US260b globally

https://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/open-defecation-...

Price to pay: Antibiotic-resistant infections cost $2 billion a year

http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2018/03/price-pay...

We basically know how to solve open defecation: build toilets and sewage systems.

I think we could largely solve open defecation in five years if we really wanted to. But we aren't throwing resources at it like crazy because it isn't a "sexy" issue and because first world wealthy people don't see it as directly relevant to their lives. They see it as "being nice to poor people in developing nations," not as an urgent global priority because it's fueling the creation of antibiotic resistant infections which can be exported within 24 hours to their country by someone jumping on a plane before they are symptomatic.

And I really can't recall ever seeing a headline explicitly linking the two things. But they are linked.

http://resistancecontrol.info/2017/prevention-first-tackling...

Re: Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

#14
I'm not an expert in ML/Biology, but I wonder if doing so won't completely eliminate all of humankind's diseases, but shift the battle from one between humans and bacteria/viruses, to one where ML takes the place of humans by proxy (say we let this ML vs superbugs play out over centuries). I wonder to what direction evolutionary pressure in the face of ML would take bacteria.

Perhaps a super smart bug.

Re: Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

#15

Earlier quoted context omitted.

We do.

I can't think of the last time I saw a headline on the front page of HN about the importance of solving open defecation. I see headlines about creating new treatments for super bugs pretty regularly. Open defecation costs $US260b globally https://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/open-defecation-... Price to pay: Antibiotic-resistant infections cost $2 billion a year http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2018/…

Bill Gates did a lot of funding for developing low cost toilets for developing countries. There is a documentary called "Bill Gates Mind" on Netflix that talks about it.

Re: Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

#16
post #8

Thank goodness it was "aided by machine learning". Otherwise, would anybody be reading this article ;)?

We're techies, not doctors. It's the computational solutions that interest us, only secondarily the underlying problems being solved.

Thankfully, it doesn't matter a whit whether or not a bunch of programmers read about medical advancements on their lunch break.

Re: Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

#17

Earlier quoted context omitted.

We do.

I can't think of the last time I saw a headline on the front page of HN about the importance of solving open defecation. I see headlines about creating new treatments for super bugs pretty regularly. Open defecation costs $US260b globally https://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/open-defecation-... Price to pay: Antibiotic-resistant infections cost $2 billion a year http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2018/…

That's probably because Bill & Melinda issued their grants a few years back. You can see a list of all of the high-tech outhouse makers here [0]. Many of the designs are out in the field for long-term testing.

[0]https://stepsforsanitation.org/innovation-center/

Re: Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

#18
post #2

This paper shows what can be done when you carefully run an ML program alongside a wet lab experimental program tailored to feed back into the ML program. The results end up far more interesting than some recent "ML aided drug discovery" papers in that they actually discovered a drug that functions very differently than known antibiotics (AB). Even though the structures that came out look AB-like, they work different…

People have been doing this exact thing for two decades at least but obviously with less computing power. There's literally nothing new about the idea. The real trick is being incredibly lucky and finding something that actually works in humans after multiple trials. I'm sure you know this based on your comment and this isn't really directed at you (truly wish you best of luck, I really hope the computing power and skill we have saves lives) but I absolutely hate these types of articles, which I've seen becoming more frequent the past year. AI + scientific challenge + possibility = puff article. This is the type of semi-hysterical reporting I expect from a local news station.

Re: Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

#19

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I can't think of the last time I saw a headline on the front page of HN about the importance of solving open defecation. I see headlines about creating new treatments for super bugs pretty regularly. Open defecation costs $US260b globally https://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/open-defecation-... Price to pay: Antibiotic-resistant infections cost $2 billion a year http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2018/…

That's probably because Bill & Melinda issued their grants a few years back. You can see a list of all of the high-tech outhouse makers here [0]. Many of the designs are out in the field for long-term testing. [0] https://stepsforsanitation.org/innovation-center/

Or maybe it's because you don't see articles about open defecation posted here all that much.

I can find two. One from two years ago and one from six years ago.

https://hn.algolia.com/?q=open+defecation

If you search on toilet, there's a lot more articles that come up, but at first glance, most don't appear to be about solving open defecation, though there is one on the front page of the search about the Gates foundation funding toilet research.

https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=false&qu...

In contrast, you can put in antibiotic resistant and limit it to the past year and get pages of hits. Granted, they won't all be about the latest sexy research methods.

https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=pastYear&page=0&prefix=tru...

Re: Scientists use ML to find an antibiotic able to kill superbugs in mice

#20
post #2

This paper shows what can be done when you carefully run an ML program alongside a wet lab experimental program tailored to feed back into the ML program. The results end up far more interesting than some recent "ML aided drug discovery" papers in that they actually discovered a drug that functions very differently than known antibiotics (AB). Even though the structures that came out look AB-like, they work different…

Exactly why we need causal reasoning/causal proof alongwith ML
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