How can I foster a "hacker culture" at my university?

I felt the same way at times in my CS department.

Schedule and give talks about the CS topics you're teaching yourself. One approach we took was to present it as a SIG (special interest group) of our ACM chapter. Even if one person, only your friends, or only the ACM officers come, that is plenty.

I think the first few should be about why your workflow is more efficient that the typical CS student. Don't be so overt about that fact, of course. In my experience, people will start to tinker if you present it as a path to efficiency.

I think it's worth it to screencast all of your talks and put them on a website. (Résumé / Brand Bonus)

If you find one other like-minded hacker, you win. Things will change after that.

You should totally go above and beyond with all of it. This is a rare time.

Create a club in which you will propose interesting topics like: "Learning Python", "Lisp as a better programming language", "CUDA programming", you name it ... propose what you like more and it is not covered by your CS curriculum.