Bogle Sounds a Warning on Index Funds

Sure, as long as there are some individuals or firms who are not invested into index funds. Theoretically they might even prefer this situation, since if they can accurately price equity risk they will make more money if everyone else is wrong.

Maybe I'm misunderstanding something, because I find it odd to hear this from Bogle himself. Vanguard doesn't own or control the equities in their index funds. You do. Vanguard is structured so that you can own your piece of the index fund pie. And while there are large holders of index funds such as Vanguard's Total Stock Market fund, I don't think there are any majority holders. For 51% of equities to be channeled through Vanguard but owned by stockholders does not seem to be a risk.

If I'm wrong, can you explain what I'm wrong about?

A risk is one of the options, which is a breakup of existing funds: "Force giant index funds to spin off their assets into a number of separate entities, each independently managed. Such a drastic step would—and should—face near-insurmountable obstacles, for it would create havoc for index investors and managers alike."

The risk is because index funds don't do stock analysis (instead they buy and hold all stocks) they will invest in bad companies and prop their price up. Then when the bad company goes bankrupt (as everyone paying attention knows will happen) the index funds are left holding all the stock suddenly worth nothing.

Which is to say the traditional more expensive managed funds that actually pay attention to the fundamentals of the companies they invest in should see a comeback. While this style of fund is more expensive (because a human can only examine a few companies in a year in enough detail to decide if they are worth investing in - as a full time job you can maybe do 50) by investing only in companies that will do better than average they can beat the market (or shorting if you want to play companies that will do far worse than average). So far the low costs of index funds have made them a better investment despite them not investing in strong companies, but we should see the day where a managed fund can beat the index funds just because the index funds are leaving the advantages of analysis on the table.

You can argue [meaning this might or might not be correct] that historically managed funds have done worse than index funds because there are so many managers that anytime there is a slight deal someone jumps on it before the deal is large enough to pay for the costs of finding it. However if you don't jump on it someone else will and they make something on the deal while you make nothing. Thus as index funds take over there will be more and more deals for the managers to find, and managers can wait until they are large enough to be worth the price.

It will be interesting to see when/where the line is crossed.

(Index) funds solve a problem that we shouldn't really have anymore.

The problem is that (semi) manually trading securities is inherently expensive.

Funds solve that problem by massively reducing the number of transactions that are required: 1000 people investing in a fund investing in 1000 companies needs 2000 transactions instead of the 1000000 transactions needed when 1000 people invest in 1000 companies directly.

But there really is no fundamental reason anymore why you shouldn't be able to just buy small numbers of shares from a thousand companies via electronic systems. A million transactions is not really a problem for modern IT, nor is managing 1000 positions in your account.

Yes, there are some more practical problems (the valuation of individual stocks being too high for small investors to buy even a single one, preventing front running on index changes, tax refunds, ...) - but I would think all of those should be possible to solve in a way that is both economically feasible and has the individual investor holding the actual stock to prevent those accumulations of power. And you still could have the possibility to delegate your voting rights to some organization you trust--but that could be decoupled from the investment "product" or account itself, plus you wouldn't be required to delegate the power for all your investments.

Or we could just make laws that mandate that funds must delegate voting rights to their investors, i.e., make it as if they were holding the stocks directly in that regard?