That being said, this article conflates two different kinds of pollution from transport.
One category of pollution is immediately harmful to humans: lead, nitrous oxides (NOx), particulate, sulfur compounds, unburned and partially burned fuels, dust, carbon monoxide, and others like this.
Lead causes developmental issues. Particulates, NOx, dust, and partially burned fuels cause asthma and lung irritation. Sulfur compounds (in the automotive realm, primarily from diesel fuel) cause acid rain. Partially burned fuels and NOx lead to smog.
The other kind of pollution is not immediately harmful to humans: CO2. We should definitely control CO2, but we should also be very clear that these are very different things.
The first category has been greatly reduced, to the point where some cars leave behind "cleaner" air than they take in (excluding CO2). Claiming that cars are just as harmful as they ever were is incredibly disingenuous.