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Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

blog.cylance.com

11–20 of 127 posts

Re: Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

#11
I think it's high time we start taking these concerns seriously. If state actors can accomplish stuxnet, then hacking a voting system seems well within the realm of technical possibility.

Fortunately, there are pretty simple policies we can enact to prevent fraud and give faith in elections (both in America, as well as other countries). If you care, I'd perhaps start at https://www.verifiedvoting.org/

Re: Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

#12
post #2

I worked as an election judge in the 2012 general election in Arapahoe County, Colorado. We had these exact machines. What isn't pictured is the physical security performed with them. Typically, tamper seals that are identifiable as broken are placed on all access doors (including the power switch, data load slots, etc), access panels, and openings on the device. All seals were verified in tact before and after the e…

> It's preposterous to think that election judges aren't actively verifying seals during election day and making sure nobody is tampering with them.

I've been an election worker around the country and have never been in a jurisdiction that did seal checks during the election - only once at the beginning and once at the end. Granted, I've never been in a jurisdiction using DREs, but still.

I agree physical security is a defense here, but this just reiterates, to me, how dangerous DRE voting machines are.

Re: Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

#13
Is there any way you can prevent hacks like this that require physical access? I guess cryptographically signing the updates, adding tamper proof seals and requiring multiple people to approve updates would help. The general mantra however is that once a hacker has physical access to your machine all bets are off.

Also, what happens if there's a random hardware/software glitch where incrementing one vote actually increments 10 votes? Is this checked for? How much reliance is there on the software and hardware being error free?

Re: Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

#14

Is there any way you can prevent hacks like this that require physical access? I guess cryptographically signing the updates, adding tamper proof seals and requiring multiple people to approve updates would help. The general mantra however is that once a hacker has physical access to your machine all bets are off. Also, what happens if there's a random hardware/software glitch where incrementing one vote actually inc…

We definitely have seals, but for technical solutions, look at how Apple secures their devices. Signed firmware updates, public key crypto, and a well thought chain of trust solve these issues.

The problem is that the actual poll creation is done on a per county basis. I don't know how you would do this in such a way that every random county an precinct in America could have signing keys, firmware updates, etc., just sitting around ready to roll to build elections with.

Re: Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

#15
post #9

Really what it seems is that we need more audits on machines. If democracy is to be a pivotal part of our election process we need to release the source code of these machines to ensure that we find and solve problems.

Seems like a decent place to apply formal verification as well to show the machines are bug free. Voting machines are critically high impact if they have bugs and (famous last words) the complexity of the software seems low.

Re: Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

#16
post #2

I worked as an election judge in the 2012 general election in Arapahoe County, Colorado. We had these exact machines. What isn't pictured is the physical security performed with them. Typically, tamper seals that are identifiable as broken are placed on all access doors (including the power switch, data load slots, etc), access panels, and openings on the device. All seals were verified in tact before and after the e…

I'd feel a million times more confident in a simple pen and paper voting system.

Yes. With paper ballots, cheating is at least detectable because there is literally a paper trail. With touch screens, maybe the results are correct, maybe the machine miscounted. There is no way to really know.

Re: Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

#17

I think it's high time we start taking these concerns seriously. If state actors can accomplish stuxnet, then hacking a voting system seems well within the realm of technical possibility. Fortunately, there are pretty simple policies we can enact to prevent fraud and give faith in elections (both in America, as well as other countries). If you care, I'd perhaps start at https://www.verifiedvoting.org/

verifiedvoting.org looks like a good resource for taking action. If you're interested in learning more about verifiable/auditable voting systems, Wikipedia has some useful references:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_auditable_voting_sy...

I also found this slide deck from Ron Rivest interesting:

Auditability and Verifiability of Elections ACM-IEEE talk March 16, 2016

https://people.csail.mit.edu/rivest/pubs/Riv16x.pdf

Re: Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

#18
post #14

Is there any way you can prevent hacks like this that require physical access? I guess cryptographically signing the updates, adding tamper proof seals and requiring multiple people to approve updates would help. The general mantra however is that once a hacker has physical access to your machine all bets are off. Also, what happens if there's a random hardware/software glitch where incrementing one vote actually inc…

We definitely have seals, but for technical solutions, look at how Apple secures their devices. Signed firmware updates, public key crypto, and a well thought chain of trust solve these issues. The problem is that the actual poll creation is done on a per county basis. I don't know how you would do this in such a way that every random county an precinct in America could have signing keys, firmware updates, etc., just…

Sign the firmware and include that data as a configuration file.

Re: Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

#19
post #14

Is there any way you can prevent hacks like this that require physical access? I guess cryptographically signing the updates, adding tamper proof seals and requiring multiple people to approve updates would help. The general mantra however is that once a hacker has physical access to your machine all bets are off. Also, what happens if there's a random hardware/software glitch where incrementing one vote actually inc…

We definitely have seals, but for technical solutions, look at how Apple secures their devices. Signed firmware updates, public key crypto, and a well thought chain of trust solve these issues. The problem is that the actual poll creation is done on a per county basis. I don't know how you would do this in such a way that every random county an precinct in America could have signing keys, firmware updates, etc., just…

> The problem is that the actual poll creation is done on a per county basis. I don't know how you would do this in such a way that every random county an precinct in America could have signing keys, firmware updates, etc., just sitting around ready to roll to build elections with.

You mean creating and distributing the keys would be problematic if every county had their own keys? Are there any practical solutions to this?

Couldn't you only have a few keys that are used for many counties and updates should be verified and signed by multiple people? Each county could still verify the contents of the update was correct (e.g. correct names on the ballot).

Re: Cylance Discloses Voting Machine Vulnerability

#20
post #16

Earlier quoted context omitted.

I'd feel a million times more confident in a simple pen and paper voting system.

Yes. With paper ballots, cheating is at least detectable because there is literally a paper trail. With touch screens, maybe the results are correct, maybe the machine miscounted. There is no way to really know.

There are digital records more than just a tally. Sure, maybe it's possible (with physical access) to destroyed or altered them, but the same holds for paper.
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