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There's an app for this. Dollarbird - https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/dollarbird-personal-finance/... it does exactly that for me. It does not tie to my bank account though it's all manual input (but you can schedule in recurring payments/income), which is actually good for me because I dislike miscategorizations
Nice! That calendar interface in the first screenshot is almost exactly what I imagined. It's a shame I'm on Android so I can't try it out, but it's good to see there are good apps for that sort of budgeting.
The Android version of Dollarbird is actually already in the pipeline, most probably coming out sometime in February. So if you'd like to be updated about this you can sign up to our newsletter here: http://dollarbirdapp.com/contact/ Cheers!