Earlier quoted context omitted.
I think it depends on what was the current version when your model came out. Should have said mid-2014 like OP, sorry
> Should have said mid-2014 like OP, sorry I don't want to belabor the point, but just to be clear—I am referring to a mid-2014 MBA, anything newer and Mavericks wouldn't work! (There is no "late 2014" MBA as far as I'm aware.) Mine offers to install Yosemite in recovery mode. It may indeed be based on when that specific computer came off of the assembly line or something, I have no idea, but for that exact model of…
What is offered to install when you do this?
https://support.apple.com/guide/mac-help/use-macos-recovery-...
> Option-Command-R: Start up from macOS Recovery over the internet. Use this key combination to reinstall macOS and upgrade to the latest version of macOS that’s compatible with your Mac.
https://everymac.com/systems/by_capability/maximum-macos-sup...
> MacBook Air "Core i5" 1.4 11" (Early 2014)11 (Big Sur)
> MacBook Air "Core i7" 1.7 11" (Early 2014)11 (Big Sur)
> MacBook Air "Core i5" 1.4 13" (Early 2014)11 (Big Sur)
> MacBook Air "Core i7" 1.7 13" (Early 2014)11 (Big Sur)
When updating to the new macOS, firmware updates that govern the pre-boot and recovery environment are changed/updated, and you can downgrade macOS again afterwards. You can usually install the firmware updates without updating macOS, but finding them is usually the harder part. You could probably swap hard drives to a scratch SSD if you wanted to update your firmware via updating macOS entirely without affecting your live install, or install macOS on a USB drive, which should not affect your internal SSD install, but like all upgrades, have a backup or pull the internal SSD.