Maybe we should try a less famous passage for comparison?
Et factum est post mortem Moysi servi Domini, ut loqueretur Dominus ad Josue filium Nun, ministrum Moysi, et diceret ei: Moyses servus meus mortuus est: surge, et transi Jordanem istum tu, et omnis populus tecum, in terram quam ego dabo filiis Israël. Omnem locum, quem calcaverit vestigium pedis vestri, vobis tradam, sicut locutus sum Moysi. A deserto et Libano usque ad fluvium magnum Euphraten, omnis terra Hethæorum usque ad mare magnum contra solis occasum erit terminus vester. Nullus poterit vobis resistere cunctis diebus vitæ tuæ: sicut fui cum Moyse, ita ero tecum: non dimittam, nec derelinquam te. Confortare, et esto robustus: tu enim sorte divides populo huic terram, pro qua juravi patribus suis, ut traderem eam illis. Confortare igitur, et esto robustus valde, ut custodias, et facias omnem legem, quam præcepit tibi Moyses servus meus: ne declines ab ea ad dexteram vel ad sinistram, ut intelligas cuncta quæ agis. Non recedat volumen legis hujus ab ore tuo: sed meditaberis in eo diebus ac noctibus, ut custodias et facias omnia quæ scripta sunt in eo: tunc diriges viam tuam, et intelliges eam. Ecce præcipio tibi: confortare, et esto robustus. Noli metuere, et noli timere: quoniam tecum est Dominus Deus tuus in omnibus ad quæcumque perrexeris.
And done is after death Moses servant God, so speak God to Joshua son Nun, assistant Moses, and say him: Moses servant my dead is: arise and cross Jordan that you, and all people with you, in land which I give sons Israel. All place, which step track foot your, you give, like speak I am Moses. From desert and Lebanon up to river big Euphrates, all land Hethites up to sea great against sun set is border your. None can to you resist all days life you: like am with Moses, so am with you: not send away, nor abandon you. Be comforted, and be strong: you indeed lot divide people this land, for which swear fathers their, that give her them. Be comforted therefore, and be strong very, so keep, and do all law, which teach you Moses servant my: not fall from her to right or to left, so know all that you do. Not depart book law this from mouth your: but meditate in it days and nights, so keep and do all which written are in it: then direct way your, and understand her. Look instruct you: be comforted, and be strong. Don't be afraid, and don't fear: because with you is Lord God your in all to wherever go.
OK, this translation benefits from most verbs being imperative in meaning, which matches up well with the base form in English.
I guess I have to agree that maybe one could understand the Vulgate decently well just by learning Latin words' meaning in isolation without the grammar.