Earlier quoted context omitted.
SQLite has a number of functions to work with time but the underlying storage format is just going to be--depending on what precision/range of timestamp you want--a float or an integer... to the extent, of course, that SQLite has types at all (as it frankly doesn't, thereby making this question kind of moot).
SQLite has five types, documented here: https://www.sqlite.org/datatype3.html null, integer, real, text, blob It has a historically cavalier attitude to enforcing them (which I believe it inherited from TCL) but that changed in November 2021 with the release of strict table mode in version 3.37.0: https://www.sqlite.org/stricttables.html
Richard Hipp (inventor, principal dev of SQLite) called it “manifest typing”[0], indeed likely inspired by Tcl[1], of which he is a Core Team member emeritus, and of which SQLite was initially born, as a loadable Tcl package.
[0] https://www.sqlite.org/different.html
[1] https://wiki.tcl-lang.org/page/Everything%20is%20a%20string?...