It's going to be difficult to draw a generalization because I have mostly my experience from MIT, but I can't tell how that's the same/different as others from MIT or other schools.
For me, MIT taught me how to think more than it taught me anything specific. Sure, I learned a bunch of engineering, but mostly, I learned to be skeptical, to think through and quickly identify the key aspects of a design, a business, or a model and zero my efforts in on the sensitive areas and ignore (or minimize investment in) the routine parts. (Part of it is you get this secondarily from having such a firehose of work and interesting opportunities around you.)
In industry, it has made me skeptical of the framework flavor of the week, but I also don't want to be forever stuck in K&R C, so there's a balance to be struck.
I also wouldn't be overly impressed with an MIT grad just based on that fact. Getting into MIT is hard. Getting out of MIT mostly takes determination.